研究南京大屠杀的日本学者上丸洋一日前接受新华社记者采访时说，日军在侵华战争中实施严格的新闻 管制，关于南京大屠杀的许多事实并未被当时的日本媒体报道，但日本媒体不报道不等于没有。南京大 屠杀这一历史事实不容被歪曲抹杀。 上丸曾在朝日新闻社担任记者。2020年退休后，他花3年多时间撰写了一本关于日本新闻界选择性报道 南京大屠杀的专著，批驳日本历史修正主义者声称"当时的报纸没有报道屠杀，那是因为并没有发生屠 杀"的谬论。 上丸梳理相关报道发现，虽然当时日军实行严格的新闻管制，但从一些报道中仍可看出日军无恶不作。 "那些报道没有把掠夺写作'掠夺'，把屠杀写作'屠杀'。而是这样写的：肚子饿了，就从地里摘西红柿或 黄瓜吃；弄来鸡、猪，饱餐了一顿。"上丸说，这里没有直接写"掠夺"，但实际上就是掠夺行径。 上丸说，至于屠杀，当时日本的新闻报道中不直接写俘虏被杀害，但会写"俘虏恐惧地坐在地上""有的 俘虏很顽强"等。上丸说，任何人都能看出这是俘虏被杀之前的场景，而之后发生的就是屠杀。 他指出，关于南京大屠杀的历史事实，证言来自中国受害者、参与救助中国难民行动的欧美人士、欧美 记者、当时留在南京的外国外交官、日本外交官、日本士兵 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles revolves around China's strong diplomatic response to Japanese Prime Minister Kishi Nobuo's provocative remarks regarding Taiwan, emphasizing the importance of maintaining political foundations in Sino-Japanese relations [1][2][6] - China has taken multiple actions in response to Kishi's comments, including summoning the Japanese ambassador, issuing warnings from various ministries, and advising Chinese citizens to avoid traveling to Japan, indicating a serious diplomatic crisis [1][2] - The economic implications of reduced Chinese tourism to Japan are significant, with estimates suggesting a potential loss of 2.2 trillion yen (approximately 101.16 billion yuan) for the Japanese economy [1] Group 2 - The articles highlight the historical context of Japan's militaristic tendencies, particularly in light of the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Anti-Japanese War, and how Kishi's remarks challenge the post-war order and moral consciousness [2][4] - Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party, under Kishi's leadership, is pushing for constitutional amendments to remove the pacifist clause, which could lead to a normalization of Japan's military status [4][5] - Japan's defense budget is set to increase significantly, with plans to reach 8.85 trillion yen by 2026, indicating a shift towards a more aggressive military posture [5] Group 3 - The regional response to Kishi's actions has been overwhelmingly negative, with countries like Russia and South Korea expressing strong opposition, highlighting Japan's growing isolation in East Asia [6] - The articles suggest that Japan's current trajectory poses a significant risk to regional peace, with calls for Japan to adhere to its commitments to peaceful development [6]

Core Viewpoint - Japan should seriously confront and deeply reflect on the war crimes committed by Unit 731 and take responsibility for its actions, especially on the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II [2][5]. Group 1: Historical Context - Unit 731 conducted inhumane human experiments and biological warfare, with the Japanese government acknowledging its existence but not the crimes committed, citing a lack of detailed documentation [2]. - Following the invasion of Northeast China in 1931, Unit 731 was established in Harbin to develop and test biological weapons, leading to the illegal detention and experimentation on thousands of Chinese and Soviet individuals [2][5]. - Over 3,000 victims were subjected to brutal experiments, with no survivors, highlighting the severe human rights violations committed by Unit 731 [2]. Group 2: Government Accountability - Evidence, including documents from 1964 detailing lethal gas experiments, indicates that the Japanese government was aware of these atrocities and systematically concealed the evidence for decades [3]. - The Defense Research Institute's 1983 guidelines for document non-disclosure included references to Unit 731, suggesting an internal effort to cover up war crimes [4]. - The ongoing visits by Japan's Self-Defense Forces to Yasukuni Shrine, which glorifies wartime actions, reflect a serious issue of historical revisionism in Japan [4]. Group 3: Personal Accounts and Public Awareness - A former member of Unit 731 expressed the heavy burden of the dark history and emphasized the need for the government to acknowledge the truth rather than relying on individual apologies [5]. - The Japanese government has not formally apologized to China for its wartime actions, and the public remains largely unaware of Japan's aggressive history due to the distortion of historical facts in educational materials [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the return of Shimizu Hideo, a former member of the infamous Unit 731, to Harbin, China, to apologize for his past actions during World War II, highlighting the ongoing struggle with historical accountability in Japan [1][2][3]. Group 1: Historical Context - Shimizu Hideo was part of the last group of young soldiers sent to Harbin by Unit 731, tasked with extracting plague bacteria from rats, unaware of the human experiments that would follow [2]. - After Japan's defeat, Shimizu was ordered to destroy evidence of Unit 731's crimes before fleeing China [2][3]. - The article emphasizes the psychological burden Shimizu carries from his involvement in the atrocities committed by Unit 731, which included horrific human dissections [3][4]. Group 2: Personal Struggles - Shimizu faces significant backlash from Japanese nationalists for his public acknowledgment of the past, leading to estrangement from his family [3][4]. - Despite the personal cost, Shimizu expresses no regret for his decision to apologize, believing it is necessary to confront the truth [4][11]. - The article illustrates the emotional toll of Shimizu's revelations, as he grapples with the consequences of his past actions and the societal pressures to remain silent [3][4][11]. Group 3: Public Reception and Activism - The "For Peace Shinshu War Exhibition" has been a platform for former Unit 731 members to share their testimonies, with Shimizu publicly acknowledging his past for the first time in 2015 [6][7]. - Activists have worked for years to establish a memorial museum in Iida City, which faced challenges in displaying the full history of Unit 731 due to local government hesitance [6][9]. - The article notes the ongoing efforts to include testimonies from former members in the museum, which are crucial for understanding the atrocities committed [10][11].