Group 1 - The article discusses the shift from a "Spaghetti Bowl Globalization" to a more fragmented and protectionist global economy, influenced by geopolitical tensions and trade policies [1][17] - A significant trend is the "Bare Minimum" strategy adopted by multinational companies to minimize costs in response to the uncertainty created by U.S. trade policies, particularly under the Trump administration [2][3] - The average effective tariff rate for U.S. imports has exceeded 18%, the highest level since the mid-1930s, making domestic production more profitable while reducing foreign investments [4][12] Group 2 - Countries are also adopting a national-level "Bare Minimum" strategy, focusing on low-cost commitments and investments to gain negotiation leverage without significant economic costs [6][8] - The article highlights the challenges of isolating China through trade agreements, as many countries maintain strong trade ties with China despite U.S. efforts [10][13] - The potential for a fragmented global economy is emphasized, with two possible scenarios: a "relational spaghetti bowl" of interconnected agreements and a "multi-pot" globalization where economic zones become more isolated from each other [17][18]

Group 1 - The fragmentation of the global economy is characterized by weakened trade and investment links, potentially evolving into new institutional and structural forms [2][18] - A significant shift in corporate strategy towards "bare minimum" cost minimization is observed, driven by the uncertainty of U.S. policies, particularly tariffs [3][4] - U.S. manufacturing investment is likely to increase domestically while decreasing foreign investments, leading to a trend of "internal growth and external reduction" [5][6] Group 2 - The "bare minimum" strategy is not only adopted by multinational corporations but also by countries aiming to minimize real resource investment for security and negotiation leverage [7][9] - The U.S. faces challenges in isolating China due to the interconnectedness of global supply chains and the reluctance of other countries to fully commit to U.S. trade policies [11][14] - The potential for a fragmented global economy is highlighted, with two possible scenarios: "relational spaghetti bowl" and "multi-pot stove globalization," indicating a shift towards more closed and differentiated economic structures [18][19]