宏观经济深度研究 顺应民心所向，激发内需动能 在复杂的国际环境与国内转型交织之下，中国经济正步入关键时点。在这一背 景下，中共中央政治局 9 月 29 日召开会议，研究制定国民经济和社会发展 " 十 五五 " 规划重大问题。会议强调， " 十五五 " 时期的发展必须坚持人民至上和高质 量发展，统筹发展与安全。无论是加快构建新发展格局，还是实现高质量发 展，内需都是无法回避的核心。需求并非外部灌输的产物，而是内生于人民的 安全感、预期与追求。顺势而为、激发潜能，内需将有望释放更强大的驱动 力。若从学理视角来看，这与凯恩斯的有效需求理论、弗里德曼的持久收入假 说以及行为经济学的前景理论高度契合。宏观上，需要通过有效市场和有为政 府的有机结合来稳定总需求。微观上，需要通过改善居民长期收入预期与企业 长期回报预期来增强内需活力。行为层面，则需要以政策确定性消解损失厌恶 与风险规避心理。由此可见，宏观战略与学理逻辑在方向上同频共振，其落脚 点正是顺应民心，推动消费与投资的协同驱动，为 " 十五五 " 规划奠定坚实的内 需基础。 宏观层面：凯恩斯的有效需求与有效市场和有为政府的有机结合。凯恩斯在 《就业、利息和货币通论》 ...

Core Viewpoint - The articles highlight five essential economics books that are foundational for understanding economic principles and theories, emphasizing their historical significance and impact on the field of economics [1][3][5][8][9]. Group 1: Key Books and Their Contributions - "Economics" (19th Edition) by Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus is a classic textbook that has sold over four million copies globally, significantly influencing generations of economists, particularly in China [1][3]. - "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith is regarded as a cornerstone of modern economics, introducing the concept of the "invisible hand" and is considered one of the greatest books in history [3][5]. - "The Theory of Economic Development" by Joseph Schumpeter is recognized for introducing the "innovation theory," linking innovation with economic development and cycles, and remains influential in contemporary economics [8][9]. - "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" by John Maynard Keynes is pivotal in macroeconomics, proposing the effective demand theory, which argues that insufficient demand leads to unemployment and economic downturns [9][11]. Group 2: Historical Context and Impact - The 19th edition of "Economics" incorporates contemporary economic data and discussions on monetary policy, economic growth, and inflation, reflecting the changes in the economic landscape [3]. - Adam Smith's "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" is noted for its moral framework that complements market economics, emphasizing the importance of equitable distribution of economic gains for social stability [5]. - Max Weber's "The Economic History" provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the world economy, particularly the origins of capitalism, and compares various economic systems [7].