【文/观察者网 熊超然】当地时间2月6日，随着《新削减战略武器条约》（New START）这一军控条约到期，美 国再度拿中国当"挡箭牌"，一边无理指责，一边要求中俄同美国举行三方军控会谈。 当天，美国国务卿鲁比奥在美国国务院Substack专栏平台发文宣称，此前基于美俄双边协议的军控体系已不再反 映当前的现实，由于中国近年来大幅提升了核能力，中国应当参与制定新的核导弹条约。他不仅批评俄罗斯多年 来违反《新削减战略武器条约》，还无端指责中国近年来"扩充核武库"。 他甚至宣称，俄罗斯也支持中国的"核武库建设"，并炒作渲染称，一项不考虑中国的军控安排，无疑将降低美国 及其盟友的安全。 据法新社报道，同一天，美国负责军控事务的副国务卿托马斯·迪纳诺（Thomas DiNanno）在瑞士日内瓦的联合国 裁军谈判会议上，同样配合鲁比奥的论调炒作污蔑称，"中国利用美俄之间具有法律约束力的军控限制，以前所未 有的速度扩充核武库"。 对于迪纳诺的谬论，中国裁军大使沈健同日严正回应指出，美方发表的言论不负责任。他在会议上强调，中国现 阶段不会参与核裁军谈判，并指出，"拥有最大核武库的国家应该继续履行其在核裁军方面的特殊和首要责任 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the U.S. State Department's response to comments from Japanese officials regarding the necessity for Japan to possess nuclear weapons, emphasizing Japan's role as a leader in nuclear non-proliferation and arms control [1] - The U.S. official stated that the intention behind the comments is likely to counter the pro-nuclear sentiment in Japan, reinforcing the importance of maintaining a strong nuclear deterrent for the protection of allied nations, including Japan [1] - The U.S. will continue to uphold the most powerful, reliable, and modernized nuclear deterrent in the world, as part of its commitment to its allies [1]

Core Points - The escalating threats of nuclear tests between the U.S. and Russia have raised global concerns about a new arms race, particularly with the New START treaty set to expire on February 4 [1][5] - The New START treaty limits the number of deployed strategic nuclear warheads to 1,550 for both countries, and there has been no significant progress towards a new agreement [1][5] - Despite ongoing tensions, both nations appear to be adhering to the treaty's limits on strategic nuclear weapons [6] Group 1 - The U.S. and Russia have exchanged provocative statements regarding nuclear tests, with Trump ordering the first U.S. nuclear test in 30 years following Putin's missile test announcement [1] - Trump expressed a positive response to Putin's proposal to extend the New START treaty, but no formal negotiations have taken place since then [3][5] - The U.S. Secretary of State indicated that discussions about potential dialogue regarding the treaty are ongoing, despite Russia's suspension of a key monitoring mechanism [5][6] Group 2 - Experts are concerned that the absence of a new agreement could lead to dangerous miscalculations, as it would be the first time in decades that the U.S. and Russia could deploy long-range nuclear weapons without constraints [6] - Some experts believe that a political agreement to maintain the treaty's limits on deployed warheads could be achieved relatively quickly [6] - There is increasing pressure from Republican officials against extending the treaty, with some arguing that it restricts U.S. modernization of nuclear forces [7][8]

Core Points - The upcoming meeting between Presidents Putin and Trump is primarily focused on addressing the Ukraine crisis and the potential for a ceasefire [1][2] - Trump has expressed skepticism about the meeting's success, estimating only a "25% chance" of achieving a positive outcome, but believes there is a willingness from Putin to reach an agreement [1] - The discussions may involve complex issues, including territorial disputes, although Trump has indicated that the current meeting will not directly address territorial divisions [3][4] Group 1: Ukraine Crisis - The meeting aims to explore solutions to the Ukraine issue, with both sides having engaged in prior discussions [2] - Trump has emphasized the importance of a follow-up meeting involving Ukrainian President Zelensky if progress is made [1] - Both Russia and Ukraine have stated they will not make concessions on territorial issues, complicating the potential for a resolution [5] Group 2: US-Russia Relations - The meeting marks the first face-to-face encounter between US and Russian leaders since June 2021, amidst ongoing sanctions and strained relations due to Russia's military actions in Ukraine [6] - Both leaders have expressed goodwill, with Putin acknowledging US efforts to resolve the Ukraine crisis and Trump showing appreciation for Putin's statements [7] - Discussions may also extend to arms control and bilateral cooperation in economic and global security matters [7]

Group 1 - Russian President Vladimir Putin praised the Trump administration's "positive" efforts to end the Russia-Ukraine conflict and hinted at a potential nuclear arms control agreement during the upcoming summit in Alaska [1] - Putin indicated that the talks with the U.S. aim to create conditions for long-term peace between the two countries and globally [1] - The New START treaty, which limits the nuclear arsenals of both nations, is set to expire in February 2026, raising concerns about future arms control agreements [1] Group 2 - Earlier this month, Trump ordered two nuclear submarines to be strategically deployed near Russia in response to provocative statements from Dmitry Medvedev, highlighting the tense relations between the two countries [2] - The summit will include a one-on-one conversation between the two presidents, followed by a working lunch, focusing on the Russia-Ukraine conflict and economic cooperation [2] - European leaders expressed cautious optimism after discussions with Trump, who agreed on the need for an immediate ceasefire and emphasized Ukraine's role in future negotiations [4]

Core Viewpoint - Iran's representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency stated that U.S. actions have caused irreparable damage to nuclear arms control [1] Group 1 - The Iranian side emphasizes the negative impact of U.S. strikes on nuclear arms control efforts [1]

Core Viewpoint - Iran claims that the U.S. strikes have caused irreparable damage to nuclear arms control [1] Group 1 - The U.S. actions are perceived by Iran as detrimental to the stability of nuclear agreements [1] - Iran emphasizes the long-term consequences of these strikes on international nuclear non-proliferation efforts [1]

Core Points - Russia is prepared to resume nuclear arms control negotiations with the United States, which were suspended two years ago [1] - The Secretary of the Russian Security Council, Shoigu, indicated that the Trump administration has shown willingness to restore dialogue on strategic stability [1] - New negotiations must address issues such as NATO expansion, the U.S. global missile defense system, and the deployment of ground-based, intermediate-range, and short-range missiles [1]