据日本广播协会报道，日本防卫大臣小泉进次郎当地时间1 2月19日访问了驻日美军横须 贺基地并登上美国海军"海狼"级核动力潜艇。 据报道，在军方人士陪同下小泉参观了美国核潜艇内部构造。报道提到，自民党与日本维 新会正在推进获取"次世代动力潜艇"，包括核动力潜艇。 End 欢迎分享给你的朋友！ 出品 | 中国能源报（c n e n e rg y） 编辑丨闫志强 值得注意的是，多家日媒12月1 8日报道称，日本首相官邸一名高级别官员当天对记者声 称，鉴于日本周边安全保障环境日益严峻，他认为"日本应当拥有核武器"。 来源：参考消息 ...

Core Viewpoint - Iran's President Pezeshkian asserts that the country's nuclear activities are for peaceful purposes and emphasizes the commitment to rebuild nuclear facilities despite Western allegations of seeking nuclear weapons [1][3][5]. Group 1: Iran's Nuclear Intentions - President Pezeshkian states that Iran does not seek to develop nuclear weapons, aligning with the directive from Supreme Leader Khamenei that prohibits such development [3][5]. - The Iranian leadership claims that Western nations are attempting to propagate the narrative that Iran is pursuing nuclear weapons, which they firmly deny [5]. Group 2: Nuclear Facility Development - Pezeshkian highlights that the destruction of Iran's nuclear facilities will not hinder the progress of its nuclear industry, as the necessary knowledge resides within Iranian scientists [7]. - The President emphasizes a stronger commitment to rebuilding nuclear facilities, indicating resilience in the face of external pressures [1][7].

Geopolitical Risk - The defense industry is responding to Russia's Poseidon nuclear torpedo test, with the US potentially resuming nuclear weapon testing for the first time since 1992 [1] - The industry acknowledges that Russia has successfully tested the Poseidon nuclear torpedo [1] - The industry recognizes the Poseidon nuclear torpedo as a new type of retaliatory weapon capable of causing radioactive tsunamis, rendering coastal cities uninhabitable [1] Policy & Regulation - The defense sector is reacting to reports that the US Department of Defense has been instructed to resume nuclear weapon testing "equally" with other nuclear powers [1]

Sanctions Overview - Sanctions are a form of coercion aimed at compelling behavioral changes through economic disruption [1] - Economic sanctions are generally a means to achieve objectives like policy change, regime change, counter-terrorism, or human rights improvements [1][2] - The effectiveness of sanctions in achieving their intended goals is historically low, with success rates estimated at less than 10% [2] Country-Specific Sanction Strategies and Impacts - **Cuba:** The US has maintained a long-standing embargo against Cuba, employing trade blockades and asset freezes, but its effectiveness has been limited due to support from other nations [1] - **Venezuela:** US sanctions on Venezuela, particularly targeting the state-owned oil company PDVSA, have severely impacted the country's economy by restricting access to financial markets and reducing oil revenues [2] - **North Korea:** The UN has imposed extensive sanctions on North Korea due to its nuclear weapons program, but North Korea's self-imposed isolation and illicit activities have reduced the impact of these measures [3] - **Iran:** The US has employed both primary and secondary sanctions against Iran, targeting its nuclear program and energy sector, leading to economic hardship and prompting negotiations at times [4][5] - **Russia:** Following the invasion of Ukraine, Russia has faced unprecedented sanctions, including asset freezes, SWIFT restrictions, and trade limitations, significantly impacting its economy [6] Sanction Mechanisms and Countermeasures - **Trade Blockades and Asset Freezes:** These are classic economic sanction tools used to prevent trade and freeze assets within the sanctioning country [1] - **Secondary Sanctions:** These involve threatening entities in other countries to prevent them from doing business with the sanctioned country, increasing the pressure [5] - **Circumventing Sanctions:** Sanctioned countries often seek alternative buyers, engage in smuggling, develop shadow banking systems, or use cyber warfare to mitigate the impact of sanctions [3][4][6] Unintended Consequences and Ethical Considerations - Sanctions often disproportionately affect the general population of the sanctioned country, leading to humanitarian crises and potentially strengthening authoritarian regimes [3][7] - The use of sanctions can lead to "sanction fatigue," where the initial impact diminishes over time as sanctioned countries adapt and find alternative solutions [7]

Core Viewpoint - The Iranian President emphasized that Iran will not pursue the development of nuclear weapons or any weapons of mass destruction, asserting that this stance is rooted in the beliefs and moral principles of the Iranian people [3]. Group 1 - The Iranian President, Pezeshkian, reiterated during the 80th United Nations General Assembly that Iran has never sought and will never seek to develop nuclear weapons [3]. - He called for the international community to ensure transparent and fair oversight of nuclear facilities, opposing the targeting of scientists and experts in conflicts [3]. - Pezeshkian criticized the misuse of multilateral mechanisms by certain members of the Security Council, highlighting the double standards that undermine the foundation of multilateralism and international law [3].

Core Points - The article highlights that Iran has three major nuclear facilities [1] - It states that the United States has destroyed Iranian nuclear facilities [1] - It suggests that while Iran may not abandon its nuclear weapons program, it is currently exhausted [1]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. President Trump stated that the U.S. will once again demand Iran to meet previous conditions, emphasizing that there are no current demands regarding nuclear weapons as Iran does not possess any [1] Group 1 - The U.S. is reiterating its stance on Iran's compliance with prior agreements [1] - There is a clear indication that the U.S. is not currently focused on nuclear weapon demands from Iran [1] - The assertion is made that Iran does not have nuclear weapons at this time [1]

Core Viewpoint - The statement from President Trump indicates that Iran is currently not focused on acquiring nuclear weapons, suggesting a shift in their priorities [1] Group 1 - Iran's nuclear ambitions are not a primary concern for them at this moment, according to President Trump [1]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Vice President stated that Iran is currently unable to utilize its existing equipment to manufacture nuclear weapons due to the destruction of such capabilities by the U.S. [1] Group 1 - The U.S. has successfully destroyed Iran's capabilities to produce nuclear weapons [1]

Core Viewpoint - The statement from U.S. Vice President Vance indicates that if Iran intends to develop nuclear weapons in the future, it will have to engage with the U.S. military again [1] Group 1 - The U.S. Vice President's remarks highlight the ongoing tensions between the U.S. and Iran regarding nuclear capabilities [1] - The implication of military engagement suggests a potential shift in U.S. foreign policy towards Iran if nuclear development is pursued [1]