Core Viewpoint - The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has made systematic deployments for accelerating economic and social development through comprehensive green transformation, specifically emphasizing the implementation of a solid waste comprehensive management action plan [1] Group 1: Development History of Solid Waste Management - China's solid waste management began in the 1970s and 1980s, with the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law enacted in 1996 marking the start of legal governance in this area [2] - The law has undergone several revisions, enhancing pollution prevention measures and clarifying responsibilities since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party [2] - Significant reforms have been implemented, including mandatory waste classification and the prohibition of foreign waste imports, leading to the establishment of a "waste-free city" pilot program [2][3] Group 2: Current Progress and Future Directions - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, major advancements in solid waste management have been achieved, including the near-completion of zero import reforms and the implementation of differentiated management for five categories of solid waste [3] - The State Council has issued the Solid Waste Comprehensive Management Action Plan, outlining key tasks for the next five years, focusing on source reduction, standardized collection, resource utilization, harmless disposal, and special rectification [3] Group 3: Policy and Regulatory Shortcomings - The current policy and regulatory framework for solid waste management is fragmented, with laws scattered across multiple regulations, leading to conflicts and unclear definitions [4][5] - The existing regulatory system relies heavily on punitive measures, with insufficient positive incentives for resource utilization and recycling [6][7] Group 4: Pathways for Strengthening Legal and Policy Framework - The 15th Five-Year Plan should focus on achieving carbon peak goals, emphasizing systematic governance and circular economy principles to transition from fragmented control to comprehensive management [8] - Key recommendations include integrating existing laws into a cohesive legal framework, revising critical regulations, and enhancing accountability and credit supervision [9] Group 5: Enhancing Support and Incentives - A balanced policy toolbox should be developed, incorporating tax incentives, green procurement, and resource utilization subsidies to encourage source reduction and recycling [10] - Financial policies should be strengthened to support solid waste management projects, including the establishment of specialized funds and promoting green finance [10] Group 6: Collaborative Governance Mechanisms - A high-level inter-departmental coordination mechanism should be established to unify policy goals and enhance collaborative regulation across various sectors [11] - Cross-regional cooperation mechanisms for solid waste disposal should be developed, including ecological compensation systems and standardized transfer processes for hazardous waste [11][12]