Core Viewpoint - The lecture by Professor Deng Xiaonan highlights the cultural essence of the Song Dynasty, emphasizing the integration of refined and popular culture, which reflects the dynamic social and cultural landscape of that era [2][3][4]. Historical Context - The Song Dynasty was characterized by a "South-North" political landscape, coexisting with northern powers like Liao, Xixia, Jin, and Yuan, leading to a stable political foundation focused on internal stability and cautious external defense [10][11][12]. - The presence of northern ethnic groups not only posed challenges but also stimulated the economic and cultural vitality of the Song society [15][16]. Cultural Shifts - The cultural focus shifted towards the common people, leading to a more secular and humanistic approach, with the government allowing greater freedom for cultural and economic development [17][18][19]. - The era saw a rise in urban culture, with diverse activities depicted in artworks like "Along the River During the Qingming Festival," showcasing the richness of Song urban life [30][31]. Education and Scholarship - The Song Dynasty experienced a surge in educational opportunities, with both official and private academies emerging to prepare scholars for the civil service examinations, leading to a broader public interest in education [51][52][53]. - The era produced significant academic achievements, with the emergence of "Song Learning," "New Confucianism," and "Li Xue," reflecting a rich and diverse intellectual landscape [58][59][60]. Literary and Artistic Developments - The coexistence of refined and popular culture in literature and art was notable, with the expansion of literary forms to include poetry, lyrics, and novels, appealing to a wider audience [90][91]. - The Song Dynasty's artistic expression, particularly in painting and calligraphy, showcased a unique style that reflected the emotional and philosophical depth of the period [101][102][104]. Cultural Essence - The integration of the mundane and the refined in Song culture illustrates a profound understanding of life, where everyday experiences were infused with artistic and philosophical significance [107][108]. - The concept of "Da Su Da Ya" (great vulgarity and great elegance) encapsulates the cultural spirit of the Song Dynasty, where the pursuit of aesthetic and moral values permeated daily life [112][113].

Core Points - Jiangxi Province's Cultural and Tourism Department announced the selection results for the 2025 "Beautiful Scenery" tourism counties, villages, and scenic spots, with Yanshan County in Shangrao City being recognized as a tourism county [1] - Yanshan County is characterized by its unique geographical features, including mountains, rivers, and rich cultural heritage, making it a picturesque destination [1] - The county has a historical significance in trade and industry, particularly known for its paper and tea production, with a rich history dating back to the Song Dynasty [2] Summary by Categories Geography and Culture - Yanshan County features a diverse landscape with mountains and rivers, contributing to its scenic beauty [1] - The county's name, "Yanshan," is derived from its mineral wealth, and it has been a trade hub since the Ming and Qing Dynasties [1][2] - The county is home to notable historical sites such as the ancient town of Hekou, Ehu Academy, and Huanggang Mountain, which are recognized for their cultural significance [1][2] Historical Significance - Yanshan County has a long-standing reputation for paper production, with its paper known for its quality since the Yuan Dynasty [1] - Hekou Town, known as the "First Town of the Ten Thousand Mile Tea Road," has a rich history of tea trade, with a trade route extending over 13,000 kilometers [2] Scenic Attractions - The Wuyi Mountain range, which includes Huanggang Mountain, is the highest peak in East China, attracting visitors for its natural beauty [2] - Gexianshan, located in Yanshan County, features beautiful landscapes and traditional Chinese architecture, enhancing its appeal as a tourist destination [3] Culinary Delights - Yanshan County's cuisine is influenced by its geographical advantages, offering unique local dishes such as hot rice noodles and traditional snacks like Dengzhan cake [4][5] - The local delicacies reflect the region's rich culinary heritage, providing visitors with a taste of Yanshan's culture [4][5]