Core Viewpoint - The American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology have released a new hypertension clinical practice guideline, marking the first update since 2017, which emphasizes early intervention and treatment for borderline hypertension [1][2]. Summary by Relevant Sections Hypertension Guidelines - The new guideline maintains the target blood pressure values for adults: normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, and elevated blood pressure ranges from 120-129/80 mmHg. Action is required if blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg or higher [1]. - For systolic blood pressure between 130 and 139 mmHg, lifestyle changes should be the first step. If blood pressure does not reach the target range after 3 to 6 months, medication is recommended, differing from the previous guideline which suggested medication for systolic pressure above 140 mmHg [1]. Lifestyle Adjustments - Recommended lifestyle adjustments include maintaining a healthy weight, following a heart-healthy diet, reducing sodium intake, managing stress, engaging in moderate physical activity, and limiting or abstaining from alcohol [1][2]. - The new guideline advises minimizing alcohol consumption, with the ideal choice being complete abstinence, contrasting with the previous recommendation of limited daily alcohol intake [2]. Dietary Recommendations - The dietary recommendations remain consistent, emphasizing increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy while reducing saturated fat and total fat intake. Sodium intake should be less than 2,300 mg per day, with an ideal target of 1,500 mg [2]. - For overweight or obese individuals, a weight loss of at least 5% is recommended, with clinically proven interventions suggested for those with severe obesity [2]. Publication - The new guidelines have been published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology [3].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the significant relationship between obesity and various types of cancer, urging the importance of weight management for cancer prevention [1][2][3] - Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation leading to weight beyond the normal range, which increases the risk of not only metabolic diseases but also cancer [2] - The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identifies a correlation between obesity and the risk of 13 types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers [2] Group 2 - The relationship between obesity and cancer involves complex biological mechanisms, including hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation, which create an environment conducive to cancer cell growth [3][4] - Obesity leads to increased levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6, which can accelerate tumor cell proliferation and metastasis [3] - Elevated estrogen levels due to obesity are linked to the development of breast and endometrial cancers, with postmenopausal women experiencing a significant increase in estrogen production from fat cells [4] Group 3 - Obesity is associated with various cancers, including colorectal cancer, where chronic inflammation and metabolic abnormalities are key risk factors [6] - The risk of breast cancer is notably higher in obese postmenopausal women, with obesity contributing to poorer prognosis and treatment response [6] - Obesity is a significant risk factor for liver and pancreatic cancers, often linked to insulin resistance and chronic inflammation [6] Group 4 - Effective weight management through diet and exercise is crucial for reducing cancer risk, with recommendations for a balanced diet low in calories, trans fats, and refined sugars [8][9] - Regular physical activity is essential, with guidelines suggesting at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly to improve metabolic function and reduce inflammation [10] - Lifestyle adjustments, including smoking cessation and alcohol moderation, are recommended to further mitigate cancer risk [11]