（来源：沈阳晚报） 转自：沈阳晚报 春节常是心血管疾病的高发期。节日里的暴饮暴食、熬夜守岁、情绪激动、气温骤变，再加上走亲访友 的奔波，都会给心脏"添负担"。沈阳市红十字会医院心血管内一科医生李紫薇教您春节护心关键三招： 科学规避高发诱因、主动为心脏减负、快速识别危险信号。 春节护心，先避三大"高发诱因" 1.气温骤冷，血管易收缩 1.保暖到位，别让血管"受冻" 外出时重点护住头颈部、背部，戴帽子、围巾，避免冷风直吹；从温暖的室内到室外，先在门口适应1- 2分钟，减少血管骤缩。出汗后及时擦干，避免吹风着凉，防止呼吸道感染诱发心脏问题。 2.饮食清淡，拒绝"暴饮暴食" 年夜饭别贪多，遵循"七分饱"原则，多吃蔬菜、水果、豆制品和鱼、瘦肉等优质蛋白，少吃肥肉、油炸 食品、腌制菜。控制盐和糖的摄入，少喝浓茶、咖啡，坚决不酗酒。冠心病患者还要保持大便通畅，勿 用力排便。 3.规律作息，不熬夜、不劳累 春节前后室内外温差大，冷空气会让血管骤然收缩，血压升高，极易诱发心肌缺血、心绞痛，甚至心 梗。 2.饮食油腻，血液变黏稠 年夜饭、团圆饭多是大鱼大肉、高盐高油食物，暴饮暴食会让血脂、血糖飙升，血流变慢，血栓风险升 高。 3 ...

体检血脂"正常"也可能高危？医生：控脂目标需"量体裁衣" 中新网上海1月28日电 (杨海燕 李秋莹)血脂化验单上显示结果在正常参考范围内，是否就意味着"安 全"？"这是一个需要引起关注的认知误区。"同济大学附属同济医院心血管内科副主任医师严文文近日 在接受记者采访时表示，由于个体心血管风险差异巨大，所谓的"正常"范围并非人人适用，低密度脂蛋 白(LDL-C)的控制目标必须"量体裁衣"，实施分层管理。 伴随生活方式的改变及健康意识的提升，血脂异常已非中老年人"专利"，在年轻群体中的检出率也逐年 上升。严文文介绍，面对化验单上多项指标，公众应重点关注"坏胆固醇"(低密度脂蛋白)和甘油三酯。 其中，低密度脂蛋白是动脉粥样硬化发生、发展的关键致病性危险因素，与心肌梗死、脑梗死等严重心 脑血管事件的风险明确相关。甘油三酯水平若显著升高(通常指＞5.6 mmol/L)，其主要风险在于可能诱 发急性胰腺炎。而高密度脂蛋白是"好胆固醇"，能将血液中多余的胆固醇运回肝脏代谢。 严文文强调，尤其需要澄清一个核心观念：低密度脂蛋白的控制目标并非一成不变。其理想水平需根据 每个人的心血管疾病总体风险来"个体化"设定。例如，对于无吸烟 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the risks associated with sudden intense physical activity, particularly for individuals with underlying heart conditions, as illustrated by two cases of acute myocardial infarction in 38-year-old fathers after engaging in sports activities. Group 1: Incidents and Medical Analysis - Two 38-year-old fathers experienced acute myocardial infarction after engaging in intense physical activity, specifically playing badminton for about 10 minutes, leading to severe chest pain and hospitalization [1] - Medical experts indicate that intense exercise can lead to the rupture of unstable plaques in the heart, resulting in significant coronary artery blockage [1] Group 2: Risk Factors and Recommendations - Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or risk factors should avoid sudden and intense exercise, as it can trigger acute myocardial infarction [6] - Recommendations for preventing exercise-induced heart issues include: 1. Conducting cardiovascular risk screenings annually, especially for those with a family history of heart disease or other risk factors [8] 2. Planning a gradual exercise regimen, starting with low-intensity activities and progressively increasing intensity [9] 3. Preparing adequately before and after exercise to avoid sudden stress on the heart [9]

Core Viewpoint - Aspirin is widely used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially among the elderly, but its long-term use and potential side effects require careful consideration and medical guidance [1][2][3]. Group 1: Aspirin's Applications - Aspirin was initially used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug but is now recognized for its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation, making it effective in preventing thrombosis [1]. - It is a standard treatment for various atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease [1]. - Additionally, aspirin is used to prevent preeclampsia during pregnancy and to treat antiphospholipid syndrome [1]. Group 2: Proper Usage and Dosage - To minimize gastric irritation, enteric-coated aspirin has been developed, which dissolves in the intestine rather than the stomach [2]. - The recommended method for taking enteric-coated aspirin is on an empty stomach, followed by eating after 30 minutes, while regular aspirin should be taken after meals [2]. - Daily aspirin intake may reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes, but it is not suitable for everyone and should be taken under medical advice [2]. Group 3: Risks and Considerations - There is increasing concern about the bleeding risks associated with aspirin, particularly in the elderly, necessitating careful assessment of its indications and contraindications [3]. - Long-term aspirin use can be beneficial for elderly patients with atherosclerotic diseases or high cardiovascular risk, provided that risks are properly evaluated [3]. - For most adults, occasional aspirin use for pain relief is generally safe, but daily use without a history of heart disease may not provide significant benefits and could lead to serious side effects [3].

这些斑块从哪里来？它们真的能够缩小甚至消失吗？如果血管已经长出了斑块，又该如何应对？这篇文 章将为你揭晓答案。 血管内部的"斑块"，虽然不像感冒那样立刻引起注意，却在背后默默地影响着健康，甚至可能威胁到生 命。 1 哪些因素 容易导致血管长斑块？ 斑块由脂质、结缔组织及血液中其他固体成分组成，黏附在血管壁上。它的形成，并非一朝一夕，而是 多种因素综合作用的结果。 那么，是什么让我们的血管变成了斑块的温床呢？这些斑块是如何在我们毫不知情的情况下悄悄"搭 建"起它们的"家园"的？ 年龄、吸烟状态、性别、空腹血糖水平和高血压病史可以明显增加颈动脉斑块的风险，遗传家族史也是 动脉斑块公认的危险因素。 不健康的饮食习惯，比如高脂饮食，不仅为斑块提供了"建材"，还持续刺激着血管壁，让各种脂质和其 他物质越积越多，形成斑块。 高血压和高血糖这两个"无声杀手"也在幕后推波助澜，它们使得血管壁受到更多的压力和损伤，为斑块 的形成提供了"肥沃土壤"。 长期吸烟更是一大杀器，它不仅可以改变体内脂质代谢，使得斑块原料增多；还能影响血压和造成血管 壁损伤。 当然，基因也在幕后悄悄地发挥作用。如果家族中有人患有心血管疾病，那么也可能有更 ...

（来源：科普中国） 转自：科普中国 在我们忙碌而又平凡的日常生活中，有一个看不见的健康隐患正在悄悄向我们靠近，它就是血管内部的"斑块"。虽然不像感冒那样立刻引起我们的注意， 但它们却在背后默默地影响着我们的健康，甚至可能威胁到生命。 你可能会问，这些斑块从哪里来？它们真的能够缩小甚至消失吗？如果我们的血管已经长出了斑块，我们又该如何应对？ 别担心，这篇文章将为你揭晓答案。我们会分享一些科学且实用的方法，帮助你预防和对抗血管中的斑块，保持血管的健康和通畅。 图库版权图片，转载使用可能引发版权纠纷 哪些因素容易 导致血管长斑块？ 斑块由脂质、结缔组织及血液中其他固体成分组成，黏附在血管壁上。它的形成，并非一朝一夕，而是多种因素综合作用的结果。 那么，是什么让我们的血管变成了斑块的温床呢？这些斑块是如何在我们毫不知情的情况下悄悄"搭建"起它们的"家园"的？ 北京朝阳区的一个社区调查发现，年龄、吸烟状态、性别、空腹血糖水平和高血压病史可以明显增加颈动脉斑块的风险。同时遗传家族史也是动脉斑块公 认的危险因素。 真能缩小甚至消失吗？ 一直以来，人们普遍认为一旦血管斑块形成，就无法逆转。然而，近年来的科学研究和医学进步已经 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the health risks associated with sudden temperature drops in autumn, particularly for cardiovascular disease patients, and provides recommendations for maintaining heart health during this season [2][3][11]. Group 1: Health Risks from Temperature Drops - Sudden temperature drops can lead to increased cardiovascular disease incidents due to factors such as blood vessel contraction, increased blood viscosity, and emotional stress [3][4][6]. - The phenomenon of "thermal expansion and contraction" in blood vessels can elevate blood pressure and increase the risk of heart attacks [3]. - Dry autumn air can lead to thicker blood, which slows circulation and promotes blood clot formation [4]. Group 2: Recommendations for Cardiovascular Patients - Patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid extreme temperature exposure and adjust clothing based on their comfort level, especially as temperatures drop [8][10]. - Key body parts such as the head, neck, abdomen, and feet should be kept warm to prevent cold-related health issues [9]. - A layered clothing approach is recommended, with thicker clothing on the lower body to maintain warmth [10]. Group 3: Heart Health Maintenance Tips - Maintain a balanced diet with low salt, oil, and sugar, while ensuring dietary variety [11]. - Engage in moderate exercise, adapting to indoor activities when outdoor temperatures are low [11]. - Stay hydrated by drinking water regularly, not just when thirsty, to avoid increasing heart strain [11]. - Regularly monitor health indicators such as blood pressure and blood sugar levels [11]. Group 4: Emergency Response for Cardiac Events - Recognize symptoms of potential cardiac events, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, and take immediate action [12][13]. - If symptoms persist, seek emergency medical assistance promptly [14].

Group 1 - The article highlights the seasonal increase in crab consumption among the elderly, which may lead to health risks due to high-fat diets and other factors such as lack of sleep and emotional stress [1] - It discusses the heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases and the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (shingles) in older adults, particularly those with pre-existing heart conditions [1] - Research indicates that patients with cardiovascular diseases have a higher risk of developing shingles, and the presence of hypertension can further increase the likelihood of postherpetic neuralgia [1] Group 2 - A three-step proactive defense strategy is proposed to combat the dual threat of cardiovascular diseases and shingles, which includes vaccination, maintaining healthy blood pressure and lipid levels, and early identification of symptoms [2] - In Guangdong, initiatives are being implemented to enhance vaccination accessibility, such as the "30-minute vaccination circle" and weekend vaccination services, with specific examples from Shenzhen [2] - The inclusion of shingles vaccine costs in health insurance is also mentioned as a measure to encourage vaccination among the population [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical role of managing prediabetes and obesity in preventing the progression to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the effectiveness of the drug Semaglutide (weight loss version) in improving health outcomes for overweight and prediabetic patients [5][6][20]. Group 1: Prediabetes and Health Risks - Prediabetes is a significant health warning signal, with 5%-10% of patients progressing to diabetes annually, and it is associated with increased cardiovascular risks [5][8]. - Meta-analysis shows that prediabetic patients have higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular event rates compared to those with normal blood sugar levels [8][26]. Group 2: Obesity as a Risk Factor - There is a strong positive correlation between obesity and the risk of prediabetes, with risk increasing significantly as BMI rises: 25% increase for BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m² and 184% for BMI ≥40 kg/m² [9][11]. - The 2023 Expert Consensus on Diabetes Prediabetes Intervention emphasizes weight management as a core strategy to prevent the progression of prediabetes [9][11]. Group 3: Semaglutide's Impact - The SELECT study demonstrated that Semaglutide (weight loss version) significantly reduces the risk of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) by 20% compared to placebo [17][18]. - The drug also shows remarkable effects on blood sugar control, with nearly 70% of patients achieving normal blood sugar levels, far exceeding the placebo group [18][20]. Group 4: Future Outlook - There is optimism that more prediabetic patients will receive early intervention, leading to improved long-term outcomes for overweight and obese individuals [21][22]. - The treatment of metabolic diseases is expected to enter a new era of precision and individualization [22].

Core Theme - The 26th World Heart Day on September 29, 2025, focuses on the theme "Don't Miss a Beat," aiming to raise public awareness about heart health and promote preventive actions against cardiovascular diseases [1] Dietary Recommendations - A diet low in unhealthy foods is recommended, with a daily salt intake of 5 grams to help control blood pressure and reduce fluid retention [3] - Emphasis on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, and plant-based proteins, with a variety of 12 different food types daily and the inclusion of one egg per day [3] - Daily intake of 25 to 30 grams of dietary fiber from sources like grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits is advised [4] Energy and Nutrient Intake - It is recommended to reduce daily energy intake by 30% to 50% or limit it to 1000 to 1500 kcal [5] - Macronutrient distribution should consist of 20%-25% protein, 20%-30% fat, and 45%-60% carbohydrates [4] Physical Activity Guidelines - At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week is suggested, along with a goal of walking 6000 steps daily [5] - Engaging in 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise weekly, complemented by two strength training sessions, is recommended [6] Alcohol and Stress Management - High blood pressure patients are advised to limit alcohol intake, with men not exceeding 25 grams and women 15 grams per day [6] - Managing stress through adequate sleep (7-8 hours daily) and relaxation techniques like meditation is encouraged [7] Regular Health Monitoring - Regular checks of blood sugar and lipid levels are essential, with dietary and lifestyle adjustments made based on medical advice [8]