近日，印度东部西孟加拉邦暴发的尼帕病毒疫情引发关注。什么是尼帕病毒？传播途径是什么？感 染有何症状？一起听听浙江医院感染疾病科主任王洪的解答。 尼帕病毒是不是一个新病毒？ 尼帕病毒（NiV）属于副黏病毒科亨尼帕病毒属，不是一种新病毒，1998年首次在马来西亚尼帕村 被发现并得名。 尼帕病毒是如何传播的？ 王洪表示，印度孟加拉邦是尼帕病毒亚种的起源地。尼帕病毒的传播出现过两个变化。早期，尼帕 病毒传播途径是动物传人。尼帕病毒的自然宿主主要是果蝠，可通过接触受感染的人、蝙蝠和猪的体液 传播，但最近出现了人传人的情况，这也是这几次流行的一个新特点。 目前，尼帕病毒传播主要还是通过人与人之间的密切接触，主要的高危人群是接触病患的医护人 员、与动物接触的屠宰工等。 如何科学防范？ 广州疾控科普文章介绍，尼帕病毒在一般社交接触中的传播效率较低，主要通过密切接触传播，而 非像流感或麻疹那样通过空气广泛传播，公众无需恐慌，重点在于提高警惕、采取科学防护措施，即可 大幅降低感染风险。 尼帕病毒主要出现在热带地区，比如印度、马来西亚等。根据报道，感染尼帕病毒的病例多集中在 印度孟加拉邦。目前，我国尚未发现尼帕病毒病病例，请不必过 ...

2026.01. 27 本文字数：2193，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 马晓华 近日，尼帕病毒在印度西孟加拉邦出现局部暴发的疫情备受媒体和公众的关注。对于该病毒的流行状态，一 位疾控系统的专家表示："中国目前尚无输入病例。" 此外，"从目前已有的流行病学研究数据看，孟加拉国的尼帕病毒的基本再生数（R₀）约为0.33。对一个病 毒来讲，如果所有溢出的病毒株的R₀值均小于1，且在人体内不发生变异，那么每次溢出事件只会产生少量 病例。"一位病毒学专家表示。 虽然尼帕病毒每次溢出病例数不多，但仍对全球公共卫生构成了严峻挑战，其核心难点在于极高的病死率以 及可能出现复发性或迟发性脑炎等长期神经系统后遗症，这都给人类带来了极大的威胁。 病毒溢出路径 尼帕病毒的宿主是狐蝠属（Pteropus）的果蝠，分布主要集中在南亚和东南亚。该病毒偶尔会传入人类群 体，并引起以脑炎或呼吸道疾病为特征的严重疾病，被世界卫生组织（WHO）列为重点研究的优先病原 体。自1998年首次发现以来，该病毒在东南亚和南亚地区引发了多次致命性疫情，病死率高达40%！ 75%。 不过，不排除直接处理和食用蝙蝠（丛林肉）导致人类感染亨尼帕相关病 ...

Core Insights - Japan is experiencing a significant flu outbreak, with over 190,000 reported cases in the week ending November 23, marking a 1.4 times increase from the previous week [1] - The flu epidemic has reached "alert" levels in 39 out of 47 prefectures, with the situation in Fukushima being particularly severe, reporting the highest infection levels in nearly a decade [2][4] Summary by Sections Flu Cases and Trends - As of November 23, Japan reported 196,900 flu cases, averaging 51.12 cases per reporting medical institution, with a continuous increase for 14 weeks [1] - The flu outbreak is approaching last year's peak levels, which saw an average of 64.39 cases per institution [1] Regional Impact - 39 prefectures have reached flu epidemic alert levels, an increase of 15 from the previous week, with Miyagi, Fukushima, and Iwate being the most affected [3] - In Fukushima, 4,162 cases were reported from 48 medical institutions, a rise of over 1,300 cases from the previous week, marking the highest level since 2015 [4] Educational Impact - Due to the flu spread, 8,817 schools have closed or partially closed classes across Japan [3] Healthcare System Strain - Medical institutions are under significant pressure due to the rapid increase in flu cases, with shortages of common cold medications and antibiotics reported [6] - The upcoming year-end period will further complicate access to medical care as many institutions will reduce services [7] Early Flu Season Factors - Japan entered the flu season earlier than last year, attributed to decreased public health measures and increased international travel [9][10] - Factors such as climate change and lower vitamin D synthesis due to less sun exposure may have contributed to a decline in immunity among the population [10]