Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - China is the primary global supplier of major home appliances, with nearly half of its production capacity exported overseas, mainly to fill the supply gaps in North America, Asia, and Europe. However, the export may be affected by demand pull - forward and price increases caused by tariffs. - In 2025, the subsidy effect of China's white goods may weaken in H2, and the stabilizing property market is expected to support domestic demand resilience. Export pressure will increase, and production scheduling will decline. The slowdown in the global production and sales growth of major appliances will suppress the demand for copper and EB [2][3]. Summary According to the Directory 1. China's Home Appliance Exports - China's home appliance exports are mainly to Asian, European, and North American countries. In 2024, the total export value of China's three major white goods was $50.9 billion, with a total volume of 219 million units. Half of China's domestic capacity serves global demand. Refrigerators, washing machines, and air - conditioners exported to Europe and North America account for 45%, 52%, and 37% respectively [9][10]. - The ratio of China's domestic sales, exports, and overseas production is 3:3:4. China fills about half of North America's supply - demand gap. China directly exports about 22 million units to the US, accounting for 10.5% of total exports. In 2024, imports from China accounted for nearly 50% of North America's supply - demand gap [12][14]. 2. Negative Impact of Tariffs - The US tariff policy has shifted from targeting China's production capacity to promoting the use of domestic materials. On June 12, the US imposed new duties on steel - derived appliances from June 23. Steel accounts for 15% of refrigerator costs and 35% of washer costs [19][20]. - Tariff - induced demand pull - forward and price hikes may suppress China's export demand. There is an inverse relationship between US appliance sales YoY growth and major appliance CPI. A 10% price increase in 2025 is expected to lead to only about 1% volume growth in North America [25][26]. 3. Copper & EB Demand May Face Pressures 3.1 China Appliance Market - The efficacy of China's white goods subsidy may weaken in H2. As of April 27, the national replacement sales reached 49.4 million units. After the initial RMB160 billion allocation, RMB140 billion will be gradually disbursed from July. Regional subsidy restrictions will be implemented, and the real - estate market is expected to support a 5% YoY growth in domestic sales in 2025 [30][31]. - China's appliance exports face H1 demand pull - forward and H2 order pressure. The restocking cycle is expected to end by August, and Q3 production will be pressured. China's full - year appliance export growth is estimated at 2% [32][33]. 3.2 Related Commodities Risks - In 2025, the global sales of three major white goods are estimated at 614 million units, a 3.62% YoY increase. China's total sales are projected at 444 million units, and the total output is 694 million units, a 4.45% YoY increase. - The consumption of steel, copper, aluminum, and EB in home appliance production is forecast at 262.6 million tons, 28.4 million tons, 22.9 million tons, and 7.6 million tons respectively. Since home - appliance use of EB accounts for 40% of total EB demand and EB supply is already in surplus, its demand pressure will be prominent in H2. Copper's supply - demand is in a tight balance, and a decline in appliance demand may increase the risk of surplus [35][36].