Core Viewpoint - Silver is transitioning from being perceived as "poor man's gold" to a critical industrial material due to a persistent supply-demand gap driven by key industries like photovoltaics and electrification [5][6][48]. Group 1: Silver's Market Dynamics - Historically, silver was undervalued due to its abundant supply and diverse applications, leading to a lack of serious market consideration for its scarcity [5][6]. - Since 2021, the global silver market has experienced a physical supply-demand gap, primarily driven by rapid demand growth in industries such as photovoltaics and high-end electronics, while supply has struggled to keep pace [6][44]. - Over 70% of global silver production comes from by-products of other metals, making its supply response to price signals slow and limited [7][38]. Group 2: Demand Structure - In 2024, global silver demand is projected to reach 1.164 billion ounces (approximately 3.62 million tons), with industrial demand accounting for 681 million ounces (about 58%), jewelry and silverware demand at 263 million ounces (around 23%), and investment demand at 191 million ounces (approximately 16%) [15]. - The behavior of these demand categories is distinct: industrial demand is tied to the industrial cycle, jewelry demand is highly price-sensitive, and investment demand fluctuates with macroeconomic sentiment [16]. Group 3: Industrial Applications - The photovoltaic sector is a key driver of silver demand, with actual demand expected to reach 198 million ounces in 2024, a 1.6-fold increase since 2019, representing about 17% of total silver demand [27]. - Electric vehicles and AI infrastructure are also contributing to silver demand, with the average silver usage in a traditional vehicle being 15-20 grams, while a new energy vehicle typically uses 30-40 grams [30]. Group 4: Supply Constraints - Global silver mine production is estimated at 820 million ounces in 2024, with a year-on-year growth rate of less than 1% [37]. - The structure of silver supply has remained largely unchanged over the past two decades, with primary silver production accounting for only about 228 million ounces, or less than 30% of total production [39]. Group 5: Market Repositioning - Silver is no longer just a shadow of gold; it is now recognized as a critical material with real and sustained demand, difficult-to-replace applications, and highly constrained supply growth [48][50]. - The market's perception of silver is shifting from a financial asset to a key functional material, reflecting its importance in various industrial applications [49].