Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the expansion of China's carbon emissions trading market to include the steel, cement, and aluminum smelting industries, marking a significant policy shift towards carbon trading rather than carbon tax [1][2] - The decision to adopt a carbon emissions trading system instead of a carbon tax is rooted in China's economic and environmental policy alignment, highlighting that under the trading system, financial capability does not guarantee emissions rights acquisition [2][3] - The current economic policy in China prioritizes economic growth, with evidence suggesting that a GDP growth rate below 4% is necessary for a net decrease in carbon emissions, indicating that a carbon tax could negatively impact production costs and international competitiveness [3][4] Group 2 - The establishment of a carbon tax system in China would require significant adjustments to the existing tax structure to avoid overlapping taxation, as current taxes already incorporate elements aimed at reducing carbon emissions [4] - The carbon emissions trading system is seen as more effective in the current market context, as it is less susceptible to distortions from government interventions compared to a carbon tax, which relies on a well-functioning energy pricing mechanism [3][4] - The articles suggest that the interplay between carbon trading and other mechanisms like carbon capture and storage can create complementary effects, enhancing the overall effectiveness of carbon reduction strategies [2][3]