2013年以来，随着"大气十条"的实施，大气污染防治领域实现历史性变革，主要大气污染物排放量迅速 下降，与经济活动和能源消费逐步脱钩。"十四五"以来，减污降碳协同增效成为核心路径，预计2060年 全国PM2.5浓度可从2020年的33微克/立方米降至25微克/立方米。 中国科学院院士、清华大学教授 欧阳明高 交通领域减碳在实现"双碳"目标的过程中占有重要地位。新能源汽车带动了三大革命：动力电动化、能 源低碳化、系统智能化。动力电动化指的是电动汽车革命，核心是混合动力、纯电动动力和氢燃料电池 动力等新能源动力系统。能源低碳化就是向可再生能源转型、集中式发电与分布式能源相结合、用氢气 和电池两种主要储能方式储存间歇式能源等。系统智能化的重点内容是将电动汽车作为智能化用能和储 能终端，利用能源互联网、区块链等技术，聚合数以亿计的分布式电动汽车，构建虚拟电厂，发展车网 互动的智慧新能源。 中国科学院院士、西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院教授 郭烈锦 氢和电的最大差别是电只是一个能量载体，自身不能存储，需要依靠其他方式才能储存；而氢既是能量 载体，又是物质转化的单元。这种秉性决定了在未来的二次能源体系中，氢应被作为主体来 ...

Group 1: Key Measures for Economic Development Zones - The Ministry of Commerce has issued a work plan to enhance the reform and innovation of national-level economic and technological development zones, focusing on high-level openness and high-quality development [1] - The work plan includes measures to support land allocation for key advanced manufacturing projects, allowing local governments to use special bonds and encouraging innovative development models [2][3] - The plan aims to improve land utilization efficiency by providing "standard land" for industrial use, ensuring rapid project commencement after land acquisition [2] Group 2: Talent and Funding Support - The work plan emphasizes the need for high-level management, technical, and skilled personnel in national-level economic development zones, supporting global talent recruitment and local talent training initiatives [3] - It allows regions to utilize local government special bonds for project funding and encourages development entities to seek financing through public listings [3] Group 3: Administrative and Regulatory Reforms - The work plan proposes reforms to enhance administrative efficiency, including reducing time, steps, materials, and movement required for business operations [4][5] - It aims to standardize administrative inspections and reduce unnecessary disruptions to businesses, promoting a more favorable regulatory environment [5][6] Group 4: Carbon Emission Management - The work plan outlines the establishment of a carbon emission statistical accounting system and product carbon footprint management, with pilot programs initiated in various economic zones [7][8] - It includes the development of industry-specific carbon emission accounting standards and the establishment of a national carbon market management platform to enhance carbon emission management [8]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is enhancing the carbon emission accounting and product carbon footprint management systems as part of the reform and innovation measures for national economic and technological development zones, aiming for high-quality development through high-level openness [1][2]. Group 1: Carbon Emission Accounting - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment emphasizes the importance of carbon emission accounting as a foundational work for promoting carbon reduction [1]. - A comprehensive carbon emission accounting system is being developed, with 23 key tasks outlined in the "Work Plan for Improving Carbon Emission Accounting System" [1]. - The national greenhouse gas inventory for the years 2015-2021 has been completed, and the 2022 inventory is in progress [1]. Group 2: Industry-Level Initiatives - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment is advancing the research on carbon emission accounting and verification technical specifications for various industries, including power generation, steel, cement, and aluminum smelting [1]. - Eight national carbon market technical specifications have been published to enhance the precision of carbon emission management [1]. Group 3: Product Carbon Footprint Management - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in collaboration with the National Development and Reform Commission, has issued guidelines for product carbon footprint accounting standards and is developing a product carbon footprint factor database [2]. - The 2023 electricity carbon footprint factor data has been released, addressing a gap in domestic factor data [2]. - Research is ongoing for carbon footprint factors in other energy sources and transportation sectors [2]. Group 4: Database and Standards Development - The first version of the national greenhouse gas emission factor database was launched in January, featuring 297 emission factors to enhance local data availability [2]. - The Ministry plans to accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive standard system and conduct training to improve corporate capabilities in carbon emission accounting and management [2]. - Continuous improvement of the national greenhouse gas emission factor database is aimed at providing robust data support for transitioning from energy consumption control to carbon emission control [2].