8月1日，特朗普宣布加征关税，外界原以为这将标志着中美贸易谈判的最终决断，但双方围绕稀土问题的博弈却依然持续，战火不断。 此次没有硝烟的争斗中，五角大楼投入4亿美元以及白宫频繁的闭门会议，揭示了美国在稀土供应链上的重大短板。 面对美国的围堵，中国的稀土反制措施显示了极强的精准打击能力。自4月起，中国实施了中重稀土出口管制，这直接导致美国军工企业 所需的镝、铽等关键元素库存下降至仅3个月的警戒线。此外，中方通过"溯源追踪"系统，将稀土的出口与民用、军用用途进行绑定，这 迫使美国在谈判中不得不作出妥协。尤其在6月的数据显示，中国对美国的稀土磁体出口环比暴涨660%，而出口许可证的审批通过率仍 被控制在25%。这一精准松绑策略既缓解了美国汽车企业的停产压力，又保留了随时收紧的主动权。 欧盟的困境尤为明显。7月10日，欧盟议会以523票通过决议，要求中国无限量供应稀土，但欧盟自身有98%的稀土依赖进口，且本土开 发项目因环保问题进展缓慢。更为突出的是，欧盟从中国进口的稀土中，约40%是通过泰国和墨西哥转口至美国，这一"曲线救国"反而 暴露了欧盟供应链的脆弱性。日本的情况也并不乐观，尽管三菱商事与澳大利亚签订了稀土合作 ...

Group 1 - The core point of the news highlights the complex dynamics between China and the U.S. in the rare earth sector, with China's exports to the U.S. surging sixfold while the U.S. invests $400 million to support domestic rare earth companies [1][2] Group 2 - The U.S. rare earth industry has shifted from being a global leader to relying on foreign sources, with significant dependence on China for materials needed in advanced technologies like the F-35 fighter jet [2] - The recent surge in China's rare earth exports to the U.S. is misleading, as the volume is still down 38.1% compared to the same period last year, indicating a focus on civilian rather than military applications [3] Group 3 - The U.S. faces three major challenges in rebuilding its rare earth supply chain: high extraction costs compared to China, reliance on Chinese technology for separation and purification, and insufficient support from allies like Australia and Canada [6] Group 4 - China's strategy appears to be a calculated move, maintaining strict controls on military rare earth exports while ensuring a steady supply for civilian use, which may undermine U.S. domestic companies [9] - The introduction of RMB-denominated rare earth futures by the Shanghai Futures Exchange could potentially shift global pricing power in the rare earth market, enhancing China's influence [9][11] Group 5 - The competition between China and the U.S. in the rare earth sector extends beyond trade disputes to include space mining, financial regulations, and technological standards, with future dominance in these areas being crucial for both nations [11][12]

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the "Quad Critical Minerals Initiative" by the US, Japan, India, and Australia aims to create an "Indo-Pacific Rare Earth Alliance" to counter China's dominance in the rare earth sector, especially in light of China's recent export control measures [1][4]. Group 1: Rare Earth Importance - Rare earth elements are crucial for modern industries, playing a key role in sectors such as electric vehicle battery manufacturing, electronics miniaturization, aerospace materials, and military precision-guided weapons [3]. - China holds approximately 52 million tons of proven rare earth reserves, nearly half of the global total, and produced 210,000 tons in 2023, accounting for nearly 70% of global production [3]. Group 2: Geopolitical Context - The "Indo-Pacific Rare Earth Alliance" is a response to China's strengthened export controls, which are framed by the Quad countries as a national security concern due to over-reliance on a single country's resources [4][6]. - Despite having some rare earth reserves, countries like the US and Australia face significant challenges in achieving self-sufficiency and meeting the alliance's demands, with estimates suggesting the US may need at least ten years to reduce its dependence on China [6]. Group 3: Internal Challenges within the Alliance - The alliance is not without internal conflicts, as the US, Japan, Australia, and India have differing positions on trade, defense spending, and regional issues, which could undermine the alliance's cohesion and effectiveness [6]. Group 4: China's Response - In response to the challenges posed by the "Indo-Pacific Rare Earth Alliance," China is implementing strict export controls and enhancing its domestic rare earth industry through consolidation and technological innovation [8]. - China is also expanding its overseas rare earth resource partnerships to strengthen its position in the global supply chain [8].

据和讯网报道，近日，俄罗斯稀有金属科学院与印度科学工业研究理事会宣布合作，意图在稀土开发与 加工技术上发力，这消息瞬间引发全球关注。 在全球稀土版图中，中国的地位可谓首屈一指。从储量来看，全球约38%的稀土都埋藏在中国大地之 下。多年来，中国在稀土开采与加工技术上持续深耕，积累深厚。上世纪50年代，为满足国防工业需 求，中国踏上稀土探索之路。经过几十年拼搏，到90年代已成为全球稀土产量与出口量的"双料冠军"。 稀土开采（资料图） 不过，快速发展也带来问题。过度开采让资源面临枯竭风险，落后工艺导致环境污染，低价出口又压缩 利润空间。为解决这些问题，中国政府果断出手，加强对稀土行业管控，推动产业朝着可持续方向发 展。如今，中国稀土产业形成涵盖勘探、开采、冶炼、加工、研发、贸易的完整产业链，能供应400多 个品种、1000多个规格产品，是全球唯一能大规模供应全品类稀土产品的国家，供应全球超90%优质冶 炼分离产品 。 中国对稀土行业的管控，触动了一些国家的敏感神经，俄罗斯和印度就是其中代表。俄罗斯稀土探明储 量达380万吨，印度更是高达690万吨，两国皆是稀土储量大国。但在开采与加工技术上，它们与中国差 距明显，长 ...