Core Viewpoint - The high-altitude cosmic ray observatory in Daocheng, Sichuan, has made significant advancements in understanding cosmic rays, particularly the "knee" phenomenon, providing crucial observational evidence for a long-standing mystery in the field of astrophysics [3][8][19]. Group 1: Cosmic Ray Observatory - The observatory, known as LHAASO, spans an area of 1.36 square kilometers and is designed to capture cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles from outer space [3][8]. - Since its establishment in 2016, LHAASO has become the world's highest and largest gamma-ray detection facility, achieving national acceptance in 2023 after 14 years of development [8][26]. - The observatory employs advanced detection technologies, including over 10,000 detectors, to analyze cosmic ray interactions and gather data on their origins and acceleration mechanisms [8][12][26]. Group 2: Solar Radio Imaging Telescope - The "Ring Array" solar radio imaging telescope, consisting of 313 antennas, is located near the Daocheng city and is designed to monitor solar activities that affect space weather [15][19]. - This telescope has successfully predicted solar eruption events, improving the accuracy of space weather forecasts significantly [16][19]. - The construction of the Ring Array was completed five months ahead of schedule, showcasing the efficiency of the research teams involved [32]. Group 3: Scientific Advancements and Collaborations - The observatory has led to breakthroughs in cosmic ray research, including the observation of the highest energy gamma photons and the identification of a super cosmic ray source [26][27]. - International collaborations have been established, with 32 astrophysical research institutions from various countries joining the LHAASO international cooperation group [32]. - The advancements in detection technology and the establishment of these facilities reflect China's commitment to becoming a leader in cosmic ray and astrophysics research [28][30].

Group 1 - The world's first mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation system (AIMS telescope) has been officially launched, filling a gap in international solar magnetic field observation [1][3][5] - The AIMS telescope's core components have been fully domestically produced, enhancing China's independent innovation capabilities in astronomical instruments [3] - The successful launch of the AIMS telescope marks the transition from construction to scientific output, providing crucial data for solar physics and space weather forecasting [5] Group 2 - The "Chinese Sky Eye" (FAST) has detected a new type of millisecond radio burst originating from the magnetic field of stellar sunspot regions, filling a knowledge gap in the understanding of small-scale magnetic fields outside the solar system [5][6] - The successful installation of the first steel beam for the Shituo Yangtze River Bridge marks a significant milestone in the construction of the Yuwang High-Speed Railway, which will greatly reduce travel time between Chongqing and Wanzhou to under one hour [6][8] Group 3 - The successful damming of the Changbo Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River represents a key breakthrough in the construction of China's largest pressure chamber hydropower project, expected to produce over 4.3 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy annually upon completion [8][9]

Group 1 - The world's first mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation system (AIMS telescope) has been officially launched, marking a significant advancement in China's astronomical instruments and filling an international gap in mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation [2] - The "China Sky Eye" (FAST) has detected a new type of millisecond radio burst originating from the magnetic field of stellar sunspots, contributing to the understanding of small-scale magnetic fields beyond the solar system [3] - The successful installation of the first steel beam for the Shitou Yangtze River Bridge of the Chongqing-Wanzhou High-speed Railway marks a critical construction milestone, with the bridge expected to set four world records upon completion [4][8] Group 2 - The successful damming of the Changbo Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River represents a key breakthrough for one of China's largest hydropower projects, with the station projected to generate over 4.3 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy annually, significantly reducing coal consumption and carbon emissions [6]

Core Insights - The European Space Agency and NASA's "Solar Orbiter" mission has successfully entered an inclined orbit, allowing for the first-ever images of the Sun's south pole, marking a significant milestone in solar observation [1] - The spacecraft, launched in 2020, has adjusted its orbital inclination to 17 degrees below the ecliptic plane, enabling the capture of previously unseen solar polar images [1] - The initial images taken in March will aid scientists in improving predictions of solar activity, which follows an approximately 11-year cycle [1] Group 1 - The "Solar Orbiter" has captured rare images of the Sun's south pole, which are crucial for understanding solar activity [1] - The spacecraft's measurements of the magnetic field and high-energy radiation at the Sun's south pole have been released, contributing to a better understanding of solar dynamics [1] - The data collected will enhance the ability to forecast space weather, particularly from the challenging-to-observe polar regions of the Sun [1] Group 2 - The mission is expected to further increase its orbital height, providing clearer views of the solar poles in the future [1] - The solar activity minimum is anticipated to occur in 3 to 4 years, making the understanding of polar magnetic field structures critical for space weather forecasting [1] - The "Solar Orbiter" has also captured images of the Sun's north pole, with data still being transmitted back to Earth [2]