来源：科技日报 2月20日，清华大学自动化系成像与智能技术实验室戴琼海院士团队、天文系副教授蔡峥团队的交叉研 究成果，以长文"优先发表"于国际期刊《科学》。团队研发的AI天文观测增强模型"星 衍"（ASTERIS），成功突破天文观测深度极限，大幅提升詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜探测能力。 实测数据显示，"星衍"将韦布望远镜探测深度提升1个星等，光子收集效率提升近一个数量级，等效观 测口径从6.4米提升至近10米。依托该模型，团队发现160余个宇宙大爆炸后2亿至5亿年的高红移候选天 体，数量为过往研究的3倍，绘制出迄今最深邃的极致深空星系图像，为探索宇宙黎明时代的星系起源 提供了全新关键数据。 ...

"天关"卫星捕捉到黑洞"进食"现场 这个被编号为EP250702a（亦因其伽马射线耀发被称为GRB 250702B）的事件，其亮度变化、辐射节奏 与光谱特征均与以往任何已知的爆发显著不同。在最新一期《科学通报》的封面文章中，科研团队提出 一个突破性解释：这很可能是一个中等质量黑洞撕裂并吞噬一颗白矮星的过程。这也是人类首次捕捉到 如此极端的黑洞"进食"现场。 星捕获EP250702a事件艺术想象图。（图片来源：国家天文台） 2025年7月2日，搭载于卫星上的宽视场X射线望远镜WXT（昵称"万星瞳"）在例行巡天观测中，发现一 例突然出现的，存在剧烈光变的暂现源。 "这种现象，非常类似于罕见的带喷流的黑洞瓦解恒星事件。"国家天文台副研究员张文达解释说。 基于这些观测事实，"天关"科学团队提出了一个物理上自洽的图景：一个中等质量黑洞，撕裂并吞噬了 一颗白矮星。 白矮星是恒星死亡后留下的、密度极高的致密残骸，其平均密度可达太阳的百万倍。理论研究表明，只 有质量在数百到数十万倍太阳质量之间的中等质量黑洞，才有能力在不"囫囵吞枣"的情况下，将如此致 密的白矮星用潮汐力撕碎。这个过程预期会释放出极其短暂而剧烈的能量，并伴随着 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses significant advancements made by Chinese scientists in the simulation of scientific data for the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) [1] - A comprehensive end-to-end observation simulation suite has been developed to ensure the timeliness and reliability of CSST's scientific output [1] Group 1: Simulation Development - The simulation suite models five backend modules, including the main optical system, survey camera, multi-channel imager, integral field spectrograph, exoplanet imaging coronagraph, and terahertz spectrometer [1] - It simulates the impact of optical design residuals, gravitational fields, and temperature variations on the optical system, as well as the effects of components like filters, gratings, and shutters on observations [1] - This simulation provides pixel-level high-quality data for CSST's observational data [1] Group 2: Scientific Impact - The results showcase the instrument performance and simulated data for the CSST survey camera and precision measurement modules, supporting the development and testing of the scientific data processing system prior to launch [1] - The simulation is crucial for scientific preparation, given the massive data and high precision requirements posed by CSST [1] - CSST is a flagship project for China's space astronomical observation, featuring a 2-meter aperture and characteristics such as large field of view, high image quality, and wide spectral range [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's efforts to enhance its leading position in the field of low-frequency radio astronomy through the upgrade of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) [1][3] Group 1: Upgrade Plans - The FAST project is set to implement an upgrade plan that includes the construction of dozens of medium-sized antennas around the FAST facility, creating a giant integrated aperture array centered on FAST [1] - This innovative design aims to overcome the inherent limitations of single-dish telescopes in spatial resolution while improving observational sensitivity [3] Group 2: Scientific Impact - Upon completion of the upgrades, FAST is expected to become a more powerful "cosmic super probe," aiding scientists in understanding the origins of fast radio bursts and addressing long-standing astrophysical challenges such as the Hubble constant crisis and the missing baryonic matter problem [3] - The enhancements will further solidify China's international leadership in radio astronomy and advance the country's research in this field to higher levels and deeper insights [3]

Core Points - The article highlights the vibrant rural revitalization efforts in Jinjiang Town, Changsha County, showcasing the integration of technology and ecology in local development [3][5]. Group 1 - The overseas media delegation visited Jinjiang Town to experience the local organic tea garden and the Jinjiang Observatory, emphasizing the synergy between technology and ecological practices [3]. - Activities included tea picking and observing the sun through telescopes, illustrating hands-on engagement with local agricultural and scientific initiatives [5][7]. - The event is part of a broader initiative titled "Experience Vibrant China in Changsha," aimed at promoting rural revitalization and attracting international attention [3].

Core Insights - The research addresses the significant issue of tropospheric delay in electromagnetic wave propagation due to variations in air density and water vapor content, which affects Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning [1][3] - A hybrid deep learning model combining Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks has been developed to accurately predict zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) [1][3] Research Findings - The team conducted spectral analysis on years of GNSS observations from the Nanshan station, revealing that ZTD changes exhibit clear annual and semi-annual cycles, with higher values in summer and lower in winter, closely related to temperature and water vapor content [3] - The hybrid neural network model effectively captures both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends in atmospheric delay, achieving a prediction error of approximately 8 millimeters and a correlation coefficient of 96%, outperforming traditional statistical models and single neural networks [3] Applications and Implications - High-precision predictions of tropospheric delay can significantly enhance the atmospheric phase correction accuracy in VLBI observations, improving radio source positioning and baseline calculation results [3] - The research demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence in atmospheric correction for radio telescopes, laying a technical foundation for the future operation of the QTT 110-meter telescope and multi-station interferometric observations in high-frequency bands [3]

Group 1 - The world's first mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation system (AIMS telescope) has been officially launched, filling a gap in international solar magnetic field observation [1][3][5] - The AIMS telescope's core components have been fully domestically produced, enhancing China's independent innovation capabilities in astronomical instruments [3] - The successful launch of the AIMS telescope marks the transition from construction to scientific output, providing crucial data for solar physics and space weather forecasting [5] Group 2 - The "Chinese Sky Eye" (FAST) has detected a new type of millisecond radio burst originating from the magnetic field of stellar sunspot regions, filling a knowledge gap in the understanding of small-scale magnetic fields outside the solar system [5][6] - The successful installation of the first steel beam for the Shituo Yangtze River Bridge marks a significant milestone in the construction of the Yuwang High-Speed Railway, which will greatly reduce travel time between Chongqing and Wanzhou to under one hour [6][8] Group 3 - The successful damming of the Changbo Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River represents a key breakthrough in the construction of China's largest pressure chamber hydropower project, expected to produce over 4.3 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy annually upon completion [8][9]

Group 1 - The world's first mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation system (AIMS telescope) has been officially launched, marking a significant advancement in China's astronomical instruments and filling an international gap in mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation [2] - The "China Sky Eye" (FAST) has detected a new type of millisecond radio burst originating from the magnetic field of stellar sunspots, contributing to the understanding of small-scale magnetic fields beyond the solar system [3] - The successful installation of the first steel beam for the Shitou Yangtze River Bridge of the Chongqing-Wanzhou High-speed Railway marks a critical construction milestone, with the bridge expected to set four world records upon completion [4][8] Group 2 - The successful damming of the Changbo Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River represents a key breakthrough for one of China's largest hydropower projects, with the station projected to generate over 4.3 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy annually, significantly reducing coal consumption and carbon emissions [6]

Core Insights - The article discusses the advancements and contributions of China's radio telescopes, particularly in relation to the Tianwen-2 asteroid probe, which has been operational for 125 days as of October 1 [3]. Group 1: Radio Telescope Network - China has a network of six radio telescopes, which, while not as large as the FAST telescope, collectively have an effective aperture equivalent to the size of the country's land area [1]. - This network enhances the precision of spacecraft tracking and positioning, significantly improving navigation for deep space exploration [1]. Group 2: Tianwen-2 Mission - The Tianwen-2 probe is designed to sample a near-Earth asteroid and return the samples to Earth [3]. - The radio telescopes located in various regions, including Jilin, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Shanghai, are actively participating in the observation and data processing for the Tianwen-2 mission [6]. Group 3: Collaborative Observations - The simultaneous observations from multiple distant radio telescopes allow for clearer and more distant observations, similar to the collaboration seen in the Event Horizon Telescope project that captured the first image of a black hole [8]. - Recent findings regarding black holes have shown significant changes, indicating ongoing advancements in understanding these cosmic phenomena [11]. Group 4: Public Engagement and Tourism - The Tianma Radio Telescope in Shanghai, with a diameter of 65 meters, not only contributes to scientific research but also promotes local tourism, becoming a popular destination for astronomy enthusiasts [12][14]. - The surrounding area has developed into a "Tianma Starry Sky Village," offering various activities that blend science and nature, attracting visitors and fostering public interest in astronomy [14]. Group 5: Future Prospects - The article emphasizes the rapid development of radio astronomy in China and the anticipation of future missions in aerospace and deep space exploration, aiming to secure a leading position in the field of astronomy technology [14].

Group 1 - The "Pingtan Strait Bridge" is the first true cross-sea super bridge in Fujian Province, with an investment of 1.13 billion yuan [1] - The bridge starts at the Pingtan main toll station in Fuzhou City and crosses the Haitan Strait, ending at the Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone [1] - The "Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge" is a renowned bridge-tunnel project in China, known for its massive scale, unprecedented construction difficulty, and top-notch building technology [4] Group 2 - The "Hami 50MW Salt Tower Project" is a solar thermal power project built and operated by China Energy Construction Group, generating approximately 198 million kWh annually, enough to meet the electricity needs of nearly 100,000 households, while reducing CO2 emissions by about 160,000 tons per year [8] - The "China Sky Eye" is the world's largest single-dish radio telescope, with a reflective surface equivalent to 30 football fields, achieving a sensitivity 2.5 times greater than the second-largest telescope, significantly expanding human vision for exploring the origins and evolution of the universe [11] - The "Altash Water Conservancy Hub Project" is the largest reservoir in Xinjiang with a capacity of 2.25 billion cubic meters, taking 10 years to complete with an investment of 11 billion yuan, and is part of the 172 major water-saving and supply projects promoted by the State Council [14]