Core Insights - The article discusses the rise of AI Networking, particularly focusing on the "Scale Up" segment, highlighting its technological trends, vendor dynamics, and future outlook [1] Group 1: Market Dynamics - The accelerator market is divided into "commercial market" led by NVIDIA and "custom market" represented by Google TPU and Amazon Tranium, with the custom accelerator market expected to gradually match the GPU market in size [3] - Scale Up networking is transitioning from a niche market to mainstream, with revenue projected to exceed $1 billion by Q2 2025 [3] - The total addressable market (TAM) for AI Network Scale Up is estimated at $60-70 billion, with potential upward revisions to $100 billion [12] Group 2: Technological Evolution - AI networking has evolved from "single network" to "dual network," currently existing in a phase of "multiple network topologies," with Ethernet expected to dominate in the long term [4] - The competition between Ethernet and NVLink is intensifying, with NVLink currently leading due to its maturity, but Ethernet is expected to gain market share over the decade [5] - Scale Up is defined as a "cache coherent GPU to GPU network," providing significantly higher bandwidth compared to Scale Out, with expectations of market size surpassing Scale Out by 2035 [8] Group 3: Performance and Cost Analysis - Scale Up technology shows a significant performance advantage, with latency for Scale Up products like Broadcom's Tomahawk Ultra at approximately 250ns, compared to 600-700ns for Scale Out [9] - Cost-wise, Scale Up Ethernet products are projected to be 2-2.5 times more expensive than Scale Out products, indicating a higher investment requirement for Scale Up solutions [9] Group 4: Vendor Strategies - Different vendors are adopting varied strategies in the Scale Up domain, with NVIDIA focusing on NVLink, AMD betting on UA Link, and major cloud providers like Google and Amazon transitioning towards Ethernet solutions [13] - The hardware landscape is shifting towards embedded designs in racks, with a potential increase in the importance of software for network management and congestion control as Scale Up matures [13]