记者手记·2025回望丨党争漩涡下，美国人的这一年 新华社华盛顿12月24日电题：党争漩涡下，美国人的这一年 圣诞节前夕，美国首都华盛顿第八街的圣诞集市熙熙攘攘。 人流喧嚣，让我想起一个多月前，这片区域附近同样挤满了人。11月5日，美国联邦政府"停摆"进入破 纪录的第36天，集市不远处发放午餐的救济点前排起长队。 在救济点，记者遇到在美国国税局工作的单亲母亲阿普丽尔。她告诉我，自己因为联邦政府"停摆"而拿 不到薪水，"光是支撑我和孩子的日常开销都很困难，13岁的女儿也要跟着承受精神压力"。 自美国总统特朗普今年1月再度入主白宫以来，共和、民主两党交锋日趋激烈。从财政支出到移民管 控，从关税政策到医保福利，从裁撤联邦机构到重划国会选区，相比于政策本身，两党更执着于否决对 方和相互攻讦。 2025年党争最高潮，即是那场长达43天的联邦政府"停摆"。两党以医保福利支出为借口，上演了一场党 争闹剧，却迫使无数美国家庭"受到惩罚"。 43天里，数以百万计的旅客受到航班延误或取消影响、面向4000多万低收入人群的食品救济项目中断、 大量联邦雇员无薪度日…… 在马里兰州海厄茨维尔一处救济点，国防部雇员西奥多·波夫对我说：" ...

新华社华盛顿12月24日电 题：党争漩涡下，美国人的这一年 新华社记者熊茂伶 圣诞节前夕，美国首都华盛顿第八街的圣诞集市熙熙攘攘。 人流喧嚣，让我想起一个多月前，这片区域附近同样挤满了人。11月5日，美国联邦政府"停摆"进入破纪录的第36天，集市不远处发放午餐的救济 点前排起长队。 在救济点，记者遇到在美国国税局工作的单亲母亲阿普丽尔。她告诉我，自己因为联邦政府"停摆"而拿不到薪水，"光是支撑我和孩子的日常开销 都很困难，13岁的女儿也要跟着承受精神压力"。 自美国总统特朗普今年1月再度入主白宫以来，共和、民主两党交锋日趋激烈。从财政支出到移民管控，从关税政策到医保福利，从裁撤联邦机构 到重划国会选区，相比于政策本身，两党更执着于否决对方和相互攻讦。 2025年党争最高潮，即是那场长达43天的联邦政府"停摆"。两党以医保福利支出为借口，上演了一场党争闹剧，却迫使无数美国家庭"受到惩 罚"。 联邦政府"停摆"，从表象上看是两党在具体政策上的分歧，而症结在于制度缺陷，根源在于治理失能。 正如美国政治组织"林肯计划"联合创始人里德·盖伦所说，"停摆"是所谓"问责民主制度"被严重削弱的结果。"这些官员、议员缺乏政治上 ...

Core Points - The U.S. federal government shutdown has reached its 36th day, breaking the previous record of 35 days from late 2018 to early 2019, marking the longest shutdown in U.S. history [2][3] - The ongoing shutdown reflects deepening political polarization between the Democratic and Republican parties, with both sides prioritizing political gains over addressing public welfare [2][4] Summary by Sections Government Shutdown Duration and Impact - The current shutdown is unprecedented, with the Senate failing to pass a temporary funding bill before the government ran out of money on October 1, leading to 14 rejections of such bills [3] - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the prolonged shutdown could reduce the U.S. GDP growth rate by 1 to 2 percentage points in Q4 [4] - The BBC estimates that each week of the shutdown costs the U.S. economy approximately $15 billion [4] Effects on Public Services - The shutdown has severely impacted various public services, including the suspension of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) for the first time in 60 years, which has been described as having "disastrous" consequences [6] - In the healthcare sector, the new enrollment period for the Affordable Care Act began on November 1, but uncertainty over funding could lead to significant premium increases for 2026 [6] Transportation Sector Disruptions - Thousands of air traffic controllers and security personnel have been working without pay, leading to significant flight delays and cancellations, which could have broader economic repercussions on tourism and business travel [7] Political Dynamics - The shutdown has become a political tool for both parties, with Republicans aiming to push for government downsizing and Democrats using the situation to rally support around healthcare issues for the upcoming midterm elections [3][4] - Polls indicate that a majority of Americans feel both parties are disconnected from public interests, with low approval ratings for Congress [14][16] Systemic Issues - Analysts suggest that the frequent and prolonged shutdowns are symptomatic of deeper systemic issues within U.S. governance, including a lack of political compromise and accountability among elected officials [16][17] - The current political climate has led to a perception of governmental incompetence, damaging both domestic and international confidence in U.S. governance [17]

Core Points - The U.S. federal government shutdown has reached its 36th day, breaking the previous record of 35 days set in late 2018 to early 2019, marking it as the longest shutdown in U.S. history [2][3] - The ongoing shutdown is a result of escalating political conflicts between the Democratic and Republican parties, with both sides prioritizing political gains over addressing public welfare [2][3][13] - The shutdown has significant economic implications, with the Congressional Budget Office estimating a potential decline in the U.S. GDP growth rate by 1 to 2 percentage points in Q4, and a loss of approximately $15 billion for each week the shutdown continues [5][8] Political Dynamics - The failure to pass a temporary funding bill in the Senate has occurred 14 times, with both parties using the shutdown to advance their political agendas rather than seeking a resolution [3][9] - The Republican party, under the Trump administration, aims to leverage the shutdown to implement government downsizing and expand executive power, while the Democrats are using a hardline stance to consolidate party unity and focus on healthcare issues for the upcoming midterm elections [3][5] - The political polarization has intensified, with both parties engaging in blame-shifting rather than constructive negotiations, leading to a perception among the public that both parties are equally at fault [13][15] Societal Impact - The shutdown has severely affected various social welfare programs, including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which has halted benefits for the first time in its 60-year history, leading to potential catastrophic consequences for food security [7][8] - The healthcare sector is also impacted, with the Affordable Care Act's enrollment process facing disruptions due to unresolved funding issues, potentially resulting in significant premium increases for 2026 [7][8] - Transportation services have been disrupted, with thousands of air traffic controllers and security personnel working without pay, leading to increased flight delays and cancellations, which could have broader economic repercussions [8][9] Historical Context - The frequency and duration of government shutdowns have increased over the years, evolving into a political norm characterized by extreme partisanship and a lack of compromise [9][11] - Historical instances of shutdowns date back to 1976, with the longest previous shutdown occurring from late 2018 to early 2019, which lasted 35 days and resulted in an estimated $3 billion loss to the GDP [11][12] - Experts attribute the current shutdown crisis to systemic governance failures, suggesting that the budgetary process in Congress requires significant reform to prevent future occurrences [17][18]

Core Points - The U.S. federal government shutdown has reached its 36th day, breaking the previous record of 35 days set in late 2018 to early 2019, marking it as the longest shutdown in U.S. history [1][2] - The ongoing shutdown is a result of escalating political conflicts between the Democratic and Republican parties, with both sides prioritizing political gains over addressing public welfare [1][9] Summary by Sections Shutdown Duration and Impact - The current shutdown is characterized as "extremely disgraceful," with the Senate failing to pass a temporary funding bill before the government ran out of money [2] - Experts estimate that the shutdown could reduce the U.S. GDP growth rate by 1 to 2 percentage points in Q4, with losses of approximately $15 billion for each week the shutdown continues [3] Effects on Public Services - The shutdown has severely impacted various public services, including food assistance and healthcare programs, with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program halting benefits for the first time in 60 years [3][4] - Thousands of air traffic controllers and security personnel are working without pay, leading to significant flight delays and cancellations, which could have broader economic repercussions [4] Political Dynamics - The shutdown reflects a growing trend of political polarization, with both parties using the situation to advance their agendas rather than seeking compromise [6][8] - Historical context shows that the frequency and duration of shutdowns have increased, with the last major shutdown occurring during the Trump administration over border wall funding [7][10] Public Sentiment and Governance Issues - Polls indicate that a majority of Americans feel both parties are disconnected from the public's needs, with low approval ratings for Congress [9][10] - Analysts suggest that the root cause of the shutdowns lies in systemic governance failures, with calls for reform in the congressional budgeting process [10][11]