Core Viewpoint - Lung cancer is the most prevalent and deadly malignancy in China, with an increasing number of lung nodules being detected due to the widespread use of chest CT scans. It is crucial to understand that lung nodules do not equate to lung cancer, and most are benign. Regular monitoring is recommended rather than immediate surgical intervention [1][3]. Group 1: Lung Nodules and Screening - Lung nodules larger than 2 millimeters can be detected via CT scans, and the majority of these nodules are benign. Initial detection should not cause panic; instead, follow-up examinations are advised based on medical guidance [1][3]. - For ground-glass nodules with a diameter of 3 centimeters or less, over 95% are benign. Nodules smaller than 6 millimeters typically do not require intervention and can be monitored through annual health check-ups [3]. Group 2: High-Risk Groups and Recommendations - Individuals aged 50 and above, particularly those with a smoking index over 400 (smoking more than one pack a day for over 20 years), a family history of tumors, chronic lung diseases, or occupational exposure, are advised to undergo at least one chest CT for early lung cancer screening [5][6]. Group 3: Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment - Despite the high incidence of lung cancer, China has developed mature treatment methods. The advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has led to a more precise and personalized approach to lung cancer treatment [6]. - Current discussions around early lung cancer treatment focus on minimizing the costs associated with treatment while preserving patients' normal work and life capabilities. Even in late-stage lung cancer, some patients have achieved a chronic disease status, with life expectancy exceeding five years [8].