Core Viewpoint - Lung cancer is the most prevalent and deadly malignancy in China, with an increasing number of lung nodules being detected due to the widespread use of chest CT scans. It is crucial to understand that lung nodules do not equate to lung cancer, and most are benign. Regular monitoring is recommended rather than immediate surgical intervention [1][3]. Group 1: Lung Nodules and Screening - Lung nodules larger than 2 millimeters can be detected via CT scans, and the majority of these nodules are benign. Initial detection should not cause panic; instead, follow-up examinations are advised based on medical guidance [1][3]. - For ground-glass nodules with a diameter of 3 centimeters or less, over 95% are benign. Nodules smaller than 6 millimeters typically do not require intervention and can be monitored through annual health check-ups [3]. Group 2: High-Risk Groups and Recommendations - Individuals aged 50 and above, particularly those with a smoking index over 400 (smoking more than one pack a day for over 20 years), a family history of tumors, chronic lung diseases, or occupational exposure, are advised to undergo at least one chest CT for early lung cancer screening [5][6]. Group 3: Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment - Despite the high incidence of lung cancer, China has developed mature treatment methods. The advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has led to a more precise and personalized approach to lung cancer treatment [6]. - Current discussions around early lung cancer treatment focus on minimizing the costs associated with treatment while preserving patients' normal work and life capabilities. Even in late-stage lung cancer, some patients have achieved a chronic disease status, with life expectancy exceeding five years [8].

央视网消息：每年的11月是"全球肺癌关注月"。肺癌是我国发病率、死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。随着胸部CT的普及，越来越多的肺结节被筛查出来。眼下正 值年底体检高峰，一旦体检发现肺结节，就意味着会有发展成肺癌的风险吗？肺结节是否需要立刻手术呢？ 肺结节≠肺癌 绝大多数是良性 专家介绍，2毫米以上的结节都能在CT上发现。肺结节不等于肺癌，而且绝大多数是良性的，胸部CT检查初次发现肺结节，先不要恐慌，应根据医生的建 议定期复查，观察肺结节的变化。 北京大学人民医院副院长 杨帆：大家在很多地方，把磨玻璃（结节）去制造了太多的焦虑，把磨玻璃（结节）太多地等同于肺癌，产生了大量的过度诊断 和过度治疗。 今年53岁的郭女士，刚刚在四川大学华西医院接受了肺结节微创手术，体表只有一个创可贴就可以贴住的3mm大小的伤口。郭女士在2021年体检时，发现 右肺有一个小结节，大小约为4毫米。今年复查显示，结节长到了6毫米，并且形态较为可疑。这个小结节成了郭女士的一块心病，不开刀担心是肺癌，开刀 要切除一大块肺组织，心里又很害怕。 患者 郭女士：医生说了我是高危结节，所以说一直在心里，都是一个定时炸弹，每年都担心。所以说每年我都在随诊复查，今 ...

Core Viewpoint - Lung cancer is the leading malignant tumor threatening the health of residents in China, accounting for 28% of all cancer-related deaths annually, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment to improve survival rates [1]. Symptoms of Lung Cancer - Early identification of warning symptoms can significantly increase the chance of cure. Common symptoms include: - Persistent cough that does not improve with standard treatment [2]. - Blood in sputum, especially concerning for long-term smokers [2]. - Chest pain indicating possible tumor invasion [3]. - Difficulty in breathing due to airway obstruction [3]. - Hoarseness caused by tumor pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve [4]. - Unexplained fever that does not respond to antibiotics [5]. - Sudden weight loss without reason [6]. - Difficulty swallowing due to esophageal invasion [7]. - Superior vena cava syndrome presenting as swelling and congestion in the head and neck [8]. - Paraneoplastic syndromes such as clubbing of fingers, joint pain, muscle weakness, and endocrine disorders [9][10][11][12]. Prevention Methods - Early screening, diagnosis, and treatment are effective methods for lung cancer prevention. Low-dose spiral CT is recommended for high-risk groups, which can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20% [14]. Early detection can lead to a cure rate of up to 80% [15].