以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者欢迎订阅 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 减肥过的人都明白，减重本身已经很难，减下来后长期保持体重就更难了。 许多人的减肥之路最终败给了体重反弹，这或许与难以彻底改变饮食和生活习惯有关，但其实，很多时候并不是减肥者不够自律。 为什么身体只记得"胖"这件事，却不记得减肥时的辛苦呢？ 本项研究所用的人体脂肪组织样本，来源于MTSS、LTSS和NEFA三项与减重手术（BaS）相关的临床试验。样本采集分为手术前（T0）和手 术后两年（T1）两个阶段，分别获取了受试者的皮下脂肪（scAT）和网膜脂肪（omAT）样本。所有被纳入分析的参与者，手术后体重指数 （BMI）均至少下降了25%。与此同时，研究还采集了健康体重人群的数据作为对照组。 单细胞核RNA测序（snRNA-seq）结果显示，在omAT样本中共检测到18个不同的细胞簇，其细胞组成在手术前（T0）和手术后两年（T1）之 间并未发生明显变化，但大量T0 ...

Core Viewpoint - Weight rebound after dieting is not merely a failure of willpower but a complex interplay of physiological, behavioral, environmental, and psychological factors [2][3][4][5][6] Physiological Factors - Metabolic adaptation leads to a decrease in basal metabolic rate post-weight loss, causing the body to enter an "energy-saving mode," making it easier to gain weight back when returning to previous eating habits [3] - Hormonal imbalances occur, with leptin levels dropping by 30%-50% and ghrelin levels rising, which can trigger feelings of hunger even after eating [3] - Fat cells retain a "memory" of previous obesity, leading to rapid weight gain when high-calorie diets are resumed, often resulting in a higher fat percentage than before [3] Behavioral Factors - Short-term dieting habits are difficult to maintain long-term, leading to a return to old eating patterns when life becomes busy or stress increases [4] - Emotional eating can resurface, where food becomes a source of comfort during stressful times, leading to uncontrolled calorie intake [4] Environmental Factors - The modern nutritional environment is filled with temptations, such as high-calorie snacks and fast food, which are easily accessible and designed to be appealing [5] - Social situations often lead to increased calorie intake, with studies showing that people consume over 40% more calories in social settings compared to eating alone [5] Psychological Factors - A "task completion" mindset can lead to binge eating after reaching weight loss goals, as individuals may feel liberated from dietary restrictions [6] - "All-or-nothing" thinking can cause individuals to abandon their diet after a minor slip-up, leading to a complete loss of healthy eating habits [6] Strategies to Prevent Rebound - A systematic approach involving dietary, exercise, environmental, and psychological adjustments is necessary to maintain weight loss [7][8] - Gradual caloric transition post-weight loss is recommended, along with a focus on high-protein and whole grain foods to enhance satiety and reduce muscle loss [9] - Incorporating strength training and aerobic exercises can help maintain metabolic rate and muscle mass [10] - Modifying the home environment to reduce access to high-calorie foods and managing social eating situations can support weight maintenance [11] - Cognitive restructuring techniques can help set new goals and establish support systems to maintain motivation and prevent rebound [12]