"13精"数据库第395周更新公告 13精资讯-增加2025年8月万能险结算利率2065条 13精资讯-增加2025年2季度保险公司增资情况数据 13精资讯-增加2024年各国保费、保险深度、人均保费 13精资讯-增加最近一周保险公司被处罚数据 13精资讯-增加最近一周保险公司投连险净值数据 13 精利用最新录得数据做的研究报告之395期： 财险行业最新固定成本率大约是9.0%（不含理赔人员薪酬），已经实现五连降！ ！ 先说结论： 1、 财险行业的固定成本率究竟有多高？ 财务管理理论认为，企业的固定成本是刚性的的，随着销售收入的增加，固定成本率逐步降低，单位固定成本支撑的收入逐步提高，这被 称为经营杠杆。任何一个行业都会享受经营杠杆带来的好处，这不是保险行业独特的盈利模式。 微观经济学理论认为，一个企业能以低于更多企业的成本为整个市场供给一种物品或者服务时，这个行业就存在自然垄断（曼昆，经济学原理，微观经 济学分册第八版，305页）。 那么问题来了，我们如何判断大公司和中小公司的成本差异？ 变动成本？（包含市场成本和赔付成本） 固定成本？ 本文利用新保险合同准则下的信息披露，结合市场调查的结果，试图将各个类别 ...

Group 1 - Electricity is often taken for granted, but it has transformative effects on urban and social life, making it a unique commodity that is difficult to store and requires immediate use [1][2] - The delivery of electricity is closely tied to infrastructure, specifically the power grid, which differentiates it from other commodities that can be transported in various ways [1] - The concept of electricity as a tradable commodity has evolved, moving from being viewed as a "natural monopoly" to becoming a normalized market in many industrialized countries [2] Group 2 - The historical context of electricity consumption began with figures like Thomas Edison, who shifted the focus from selling production equipment to selling electricity directly to consumers, thus initiating the electricity consumption era [5][10] - The early electricity market was characterized by a large grid system that centralized wealth among a few producers, which was essential for the rise of management capitalism in the 20th century [8][14] - The integration of various services under natural monopoly companies allowed for economies of scale, where increased production led to reduced costs and increased profits [18]