21世纪经济报道记者章驰 2月24日，最高人民法院召开新闻发布会，介绍2025年人民法院民商事审判工作总体情况，发布《人民 法院民商事审判年度报告(2025)》及典型案例。2025年，全国法院受理一审民商事案件679.1万件，同比 增长22.0%；审结653.6万件，同比增长18.9%；审结金融类案件270.7万件，同比增长1.7%。 最高人民法院民二庭庭长王闯介绍，一年来，全国法院助力民营企业纾困稳健发展，持续抓实"背靠 背"条款批复，2025年以审判执行措施帮助中小企业收回账款19亿元，有效缓解中小企业资金周转压 力。助力缓解"融资难""融资贵"，依法确认非典型担保法律效力，支持民营企业多元融资。严格依法规 范金融机构利息收取行为，从司法层面切实降低民营企业融资成本。紧扣科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金 融、养老金融、数字金融发展要求，形成一批特色司法保障成果。上海、北京等金融法院及深圳等金融 法庭集中管辖高科技型上市公司案件，强化科技金融司法保障。从依法保护合法权益、严厉制裁失信违 约行为、打击逃废债务行为、宽容创业失败等方面发力，为企业家创业经营营造良好生态。如深圳、浙 江等地稳慎开展个人破产和自然人债务清 ...

Group 1 - The Supreme People's Court issued the "Guiding Opinions on Implementing the Law on Promoting the Development of the Private Economy," highlighting 25 specific judicial measures to address the challenges faced by the private economy [2] - A significant focus is on alleviating the "difficult and expensive financing" issues, particularly through the regulation of illegal practices such as "usury" and "head-cutting interest" [2] - The document encourages innovative financing guarantee models to inject legal momentum into the development of the private economy [2] Group 2 - The Guiding Opinions specifically address the behavior of some financial institutions that harm the rights and interests of private enterprises, calling for the regulation of lending practices [2] - It mandates the lawful regulation of financial institutions' unilateral actions to increase loan conditions, suspend loan issuance, and recall loans early, ensuring the legitimate rights of private economic organizations are protected [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Supreme People's Court has issued guidelines to implement the Private Economy Promotion Law, focusing on addressing the financing difficulties faced by private enterprises through 25 specific judicial measures aimed at broadening financing channels and regulating illegal lending practices [1][2]. Group 1: Financing Challenges - The guidelines specifically target the issues of "difficult and expensive financing," which remain significant barriers to the growth of private enterprises in China [1][4]. - The document emphasizes the need to regulate illegal lending practices such as "usury" and "head-cutting interest," which contribute to the high financing costs for private businesses [2][3]. Group 2: Regulation of Financial Institutions - The guidelines call for the regulation of financial institutions' lending behaviors, including prohibiting arbitrary changes to loan conditions and ensuring that the rights of private enterprises are protected [3][4]. - Instances of financial institutions engaging in "loan withdrawal" practices, which exacerbate the financial struggles of private enterprises, are highlighted as a concern that the guidelines aim to address [3][4]. Group 3: Innovative Financing Solutions - The guidelines promote the use of non-traditional guarantees and supply chain financing to expand financing channels for private enterprises, recognizing the legal validity of these alternative financing methods [4][5]. - A long-term mechanism is proposed to enhance credit information sharing, which will help improve access to financing for private enterprises that have the willingness to recover from financial difficulties [4][5].