Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the relationship between high-fat diets, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggesting that palmitic acid levels in circulation, influenced by gut bacteria, may exacerbate thrombosis risk [2][3][12]. Group 1: Research Findings - High-fat diets increase circulating palmitic acid levels through the promotion of the gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, leading to enhanced thrombosis [3][10]. - Palmitic acid has a direct pro-coagulation effect by inhibiting the endogenous anticoagulant activated protein C (APC) and enhancing platelet activation [8][10]. - The abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is associated with elevated palmitic acid levels and a hypercoagulation state in patients with coronary artery disease [7][10]. Group 2: Dietary Implications - The composition and function of gut microbiota are directly influenced by dietary intake, particularly macronutrients like lipids, which play a crucial role in shaping host-microbe interactions [5]. - The study indicates that controlling palmitic acid and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron could be a preventive strategy against cardiovascular diseases [12]. Group 3: Preventive Measures - Hesperidin, a dietary flavonoid, can inhibit the interaction between palmitic acid and APC, thereby preventing thrombosis induced by palmitic acid or Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron transplantation [9][10].

Core Points - The article discusses the development and significance of blood vessels in the human body, highlighting their role in transporting oxygen and nutrients, and the impact of modern lifestyle choices on vascular health [4][6][40] Group 1: Blood Vessel Development and Function - Blood vessels begin to grow from the first month of embryonic development, reaching a total length of approximately 100,000 kilometers in adults, which is enough to circle the Earth's equator two and a half times [2][4] - They serve as the body's highways for transporting essential materials, including oxygen and nutrients, to all tissues and organs [4] Group 2: Impact of Lifestyle on Vascular Health - Aging leads to the natural hardening and aging of blood vessels, which can result in various cardiovascular diseases [6] - Modern lifestyle habits, particularly late-night activities and sedentary behavior, are causing vascular aging to occur earlier in younger populations [8][10] Group 3: Consequences of Poor Lifestyle Choices - Night owls often experience increased blood pressure due to the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which accelerates heart rate and blood flow [10] - Sedentary habits combined with late-night activities can lead to blood clots due to sluggish blood flow and increased blood viscosity [12][18] Group 4: Health Risks Associated with Vascular Issues - Long-term effects of poor lifestyle choices can lead to the formation of larger blood clots and serious health consequences, including acute embolism [29][35][39] - A significant percentage of global deaths are attributed to thrombotic diseases, surpassing those caused by cancer and infectious diseases [39][40]