Core Insights - The article emphasizes the increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults in China, with a reported rate of 35.6% in individuals aged 18 and above as of 2018, highlighting the need for early intervention in blood lipid management [6][8]. Summary by Sections Dyslipidemia Prevalence - Dyslipidemia includes conditions such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed dyslipidemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [6]. - The article points out that dyslipidemia often has no early symptoms, yet it can lead to significant vascular damage over time, increasing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases [6]. Importance of Early Intervention - Recent research published in *Nature* suggests that the prevention of atherosclerosis should begin earlier in life, particularly focusing on blood lipid management in children and adolescents [6][8]. - The study conducted by the University of Cambridge indicates that intermittent high-fat diets from a young age significantly increase the risk of atherosclerosis compared to those who only consume high-fat diets later in life [8][9]. Research Findings - The findings from the "Young Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Study" show that individuals with elevated cholesterol levels in childhood have more severe atherosclerotic plaques in adulthood [8][9]. - The research indicates that early cholesterol elevation is closely linked to the incidence and severity of carotid atherosclerosis in middle age [9]. Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis - The study suggests that macrophages, which normally help clear damaged cells and cholesterol, have their gene expression altered by early cholesterol elevation, reducing their protective function [9]. - Intermittent cholesterol elevation, often due to fluctuating dietary habits, may lead to greater damage and increased heart disease risk, particularly in patients who do not adhere to medication regimens [9][11]. Additional Research - A concurrent study from Paris Descartes University also found that intermittent high-fat diets accelerate atherosclerosis more than continuous high-fat diets, indicating a need for consistent dietary management [11].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults in China, with a reported rate of 35.6% in individuals aged 18 and above as of 2018, highlighting the need for early intervention in blood lipid management [6][8]. Group 1: Health Risks and Findings - Dyslipidemia often presents no early symptoms, yet it can lead to significant vascular damage over time, increasing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases [6]. - Recent research suggests that the prevention of atherosclerosis should begin earlier in life, particularly focusing on the dietary habits of children and adolescents [6][9]. - A study conducted by Cambridge University found that young mice exposed to intermittent high-fat diets exhibited a significantly higher risk of atherosclerosis compared to those that were only exposed in later life [8][9]. Group 2: Research Implications - The findings indicate a strong correlation between elevated cholesterol levels in early life and the severity of atherosclerotic plaques in middle age [9]. - The research identified that early cholesterol elevation alters the gene expression of macrophages, which are crucial for clearing damaged cells and cholesterol, thereby weakening their protective function [9]. - Intermittent spikes in cholesterol levels, often due to dietary fluctuations, may pose greater risks than sustained high cholesterol, as seen in patients who irregularly take statins [9][11]. Group 3: Additional Studies - A concurrent study from Paris University also confirmed that intermittent high-fat diets accelerate atherosclerosis more than continuous high-fat diets, indicating a need for consistent dietary management [11].

Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the relationship between high-fat diets, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggesting that palmitic acid levels in circulation, influenced by gut bacteria, may exacerbate thrombosis risk [2][3][12]. Group 1: Research Findings - High-fat diets increase circulating palmitic acid levels through the promotion of the gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, leading to enhanced thrombosis [3][10]. - Palmitic acid has a direct pro-coagulation effect by inhibiting the endogenous anticoagulant activated protein C (APC) and enhancing platelet activation [8][10]. - The abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is associated with elevated palmitic acid levels and a hypercoagulation state in patients with coronary artery disease [7][10]. Group 2: Dietary Implications - The composition and function of gut microbiota are directly influenced by dietary intake, particularly macronutrients like lipids, which play a crucial role in shaping host-microbe interactions [5]. - The study indicates that controlling palmitic acid and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron could be a preventive strategy against cardiovascular diseases [12]. Group 3: Preventive Measures - Hesperidin, a dietary flavonoid, can inhibit the interaction between palmitic acid and APC, thereby preventing thrombosis induced by palmitic acid or Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron transplantation [9][10].