转自：扬子晚报 左手麻木、头晕，一边手臂血压偏低，另一边却正常，这细微差异的背后，竟隐藏着一场血管之间 的"血液争夺战"……近日，江苏省省级机关医院神经外科通过一场精密的微创介入手术，成功为67岁的 黄大爷（化姓）开通重度狭窄的锁骨下动脉，不仅令他左手的麻木感彻底消失，还消除了潜在的脑缺血 风险。 症状持续半年 原以为只是年纪大了 半年来，黄大爷总感觉左手冰冷、麻木，起初以为是年纪大了"血液循环不好"，直到麻木感加重，抬手 费力，且左上臂血压明显低于右侧，他才到江苏省省级机关医院神经外科就医。经头颅及颈部CTA检 查，真相终于浮出水面：其左侧锁骨下动脉存在重度狭窄，狭窄程度高达70%。 "正是这条血管的严重狭窄，引发了一场'血液争夺战'。"接诊的神经外科洪成主任解释，锁骨下动脉是 从心脏发出、为手臂和大脑后循环供血的关键"通道"，当它的起始段严重变窄，远端的压力就会骤降。 这些预警信号 高危人群需格外警惕 洪成主任提醒，锁骨下动脉狭窄及窃血综合征常见于患有动脉粥样硬化的中老年人，尤其是合并高血 压、糖尿病、高血脂及长期吸烟的人群。 因此，为了"争夺"足够的血液来供应缺血的手臂，身体会启动一个异常通路，原本正向 ...

转自：贵州日报 随着健康体检的普及，"颈动脉斑块"正成为越来越多市民体检报告上的"高频词"。贵阳市第一人民医院 心血管内科主任、泛血管中心主任医师鲁玉明提醒，斑块是身体发出的一个预警信号，早发现、早干 预，是守护脑血管健康最经济有效的方法。 为何年纪不大血管就堵了 48岁的王成（化名）是一家科技公司的中层管理者，平时自认身体不错，只是工作压力大、应酬多，偶 尔感觉头晕，他也没在意。直到公司组织体检，颈动脉超声报告上"双侧颈动脉多发斑块，最大处狭窄 约30%"的提示让他瞬间慌了神。 "长期精神压力大、睡眠不足、饮食不规律、缺乏运动，这些因素会引发体内慢性炎症反应和代谢紊 乱，显著加速动脉粥样硬化进程。斑块年轻化已成为心脑血管疾病防控面临的新挑战。"鲁医生说，斑 块是身体发出的一个重要预警信号。健康的血管内壁光滑，血流顺畅。但若血液中的"坏胆固醇"（低密 度脂蛋白）过多，就像水中杂质超标，加上高血压、糖尿病、吸烟等因素"损伤"血管内壁，杂质更容易 沉积下来，形成血管内中膜增厚，甚至粥样斑块。 "斑块的形成是缓慢、无声的过程。"鲁医生说，斑块特别"青睐"有高血压、高血脂、高血糖的人群，以 及长期吸烟、肥胖、缺乏运动 ...

Core Insights - High blood lipid levels and fatty liver disease are prevalent health issues in China, contributing significantly to cardiovascular disease risk [1][2] - Both conditions are linked through metabolic disorders, with common risk factors such as abdominal obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet [2][3] Group 1: Understanding the Conditions - High blood lipid levels, or hyperlipidemia, involve elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which can lead to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events [2] - Fatty liver disease, characterized by excessive fat accumulation in liver cells, exacerbates cardiovascular risks through insulin resistance and inflammation [2][3] Group 2: Misconceptions and Management - Misconception 1: Reducing oil intake alone can lower blood lipid levels; however, 80% of cholesterol is synthesized by the liver, making dietary changes insufficient without addressing insulin resistance [4] - Misconception 2: Fatty liver patients can safely avoid statins; clinical studies indicate that statins can improve fatty liver conditions without exacerbating liver issues [5][6] - Misconception 3: Normal transaminase levels mean no need for ongoing medication; high-risk individuals require continuous lipid-lowering therapy to prevent disease progression [7] Group 3: Comprehensive Management Strategies - A three-pronged approach is recommended for managing high blood lipid levels: lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatment, and regular monitoring [9] - Lifestyle interventions should focus on weight management, with a target weight loss of 5% to 10% over 6 to 12 months to improve insulin sensitivity and lipid levels [10] - Pharmacological treatment should be tailored based on individual risk factors, with specific LDL-C targets for different risk categories [11][12] Group 4: Monitoring and Follow-Up - Regular monitoring of lipid levels and liver function is crucial, with specific timelines for testing before and after medication initiation [14] - Patients with fatty liver and lipid abnormalities should consult multiple specialists to ensure comprehensive care and avoid treatment limitations [14]

Core Viewpoint - The incidence of coronary heart disease is trending younger, with an increasing number of young and middle-aged individuals suffering from hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, leading to cases of myocardial infarction and heart failure [1] Group 1: Risk Factors - Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, which can develop over many years. Common risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity [1] - Young individuals may already have significant plaque buildup in their blood vessels due to these risk factors, highlighting the need for early intervention [1] Group 2: Warning Signs - Common warning signs of cardiovascular issues include discomfort in the chest area, which may manifest as tightness or burning sensations, especially during physical activity, emotional stress, or after meals [2] - Symptoms may radiate to the jaw, shoulders, arms, back, and upper abdomen, indicating potential myocardial ischemia [2] - Additional symptoms may include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea and vomiting, often accompanied by palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, and extreme fatigue, which could signal acute myocardial infarction [2] Group 3: Medical Attention and Monitoring - If symptoms occur frequently or worsen, immediate medical attention is advised [3] - Regular health check-ups are recommended to monitor blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, and ECG results, with prompt medical intervention for any abnormalities [4]

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 动脉粥样硬化 （ Atherosclerosis， AS） 是一种由脂质代谢异常和免疫介导的炎症驱动的慢性炎症疾病，会导致动脉壁受损以及坏死斑块的积聚。其发病机制复 杂，受斑块微环境中具有不同功能的多种免疫细胞的调节，这些细胞共同作用，既促进动脉粥样硬化的发展，也促进其消退。具体而言，巨噬细胞/单核细胞在促 进斑块形成方面发挥着关键作用，其途径包括诱导泡沫细胞的生成以及激活炎症细胞因子的分泌。 此外，T 淋巴细胞和 B 淋巴细胞还能进一步调控免疫环境，其亚群既表现出促进动脉粥样硬化的作用，也表现出抑制动脉粥样硬化的作用。此外，树突状细胞 （DC） 会放大炎症和免疫激活。因此，了解并调控免疫细胞群，对于 动脉粥样硬化的治疗 至关重要。 2026 年 1 月 6 日，四川大学华西医院 何中山 团队在 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports Medicine 上发表了题为： Restoring immune homeostasis in atherosclerotic plaques via inorganic violet phosphorus nano-immunoth ...

动脉粥样硬化演变示意图 夹层，破裂后几分钟就能致命"。此外，低温还会诱发血管痉挛，斑块更容易破裂，同时交感神经兴奋性 增强，会使心肌收缩力加大、心率加快，心脏负担加重。 在日常生活中如何预防心脑血管疾病的发生？郭尧章提出"保暖、监测、低脂"六字原则。首要任务是保 暖，天气冷、特别是早晨或下雪时，能不出门就别出门；如需外出，一定要穿厚衣服、戴口罩，把冷空气 挡在外面。他表示，饮食必须低脂，别让血脂再升高。 此外，要规律服药、按时到门诊复诊，尤其血压监测要更勤快，在家测血压比夏天更频繁，只要波动超过 20 mmHg就及时就医。郭尧章还告诉记者，冬季呼吸道疾病高发，一旦肺部氧气交换受阻，全身缺氧会进 一步诱发心衰、心肌缺血。 冬季心脑血管疾病进入高发期 今天（1月5日），二十四节气里的第23个节气——小寒悄然而至。小寒的到来标志着气候处于严寒阶段， 而这几天的气温也向人们诉说着寒冬的凛冽。在此时节，人体抵抗力处于较弱阶段，心脑血管疾病也进入 高发期。西安市红会医院心血管内科主治医师郭尧章提醒，冬季气温骤降会显著增加脑出血、急性心梗、 脑梗及主动脉夹层等危急事件的风险，公众需格外警惕。 郭尧章说，寒冷刺激下会引起人体 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the harmful effects of microplastics on cardiovascular health and male reproductive systems, highlighting recent research findings that indicate microplastics exacerbate atherosclerosis in males and negatively impact sperm development due to exposure to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) from non-stick cookware [5][7][19]. Group 1: Microplastics and Cardiovascular Health - A study from the University of California, Riverside, found that male mice exposed to microplastics showed a 63% increase in atherosclerotic lesions at the aortic root and a 624% increase in the brachial artery compared to controls [7][10]. - The study indicated that microplastics did not significantly affect body weight, body fat, or lipid levels in either male or female mice, suggesting that the impact on atherosclerosis occurs through mechanisms other than traditional metabolic pathways [8][11]. - The exposure to microplastics altered the cellular composition of blood vessels, increasing the proportion of endothelial cells that promote inflammation and atherosclerosis, while decreasing normal endothelial cells [13][17]. Group 2: Microplastics and Male Reproductive Health - Research published in Advanced Science revealed that PTFE, commonly found in non-stick cookware, was detected in 46.62% of male urinary and reproductive systems, leading to impaired development of spermatogenic cells and increased apoptosis [19][20]. - PTFE exposure disrupts normal sperm production processes, slows DNA damage repair, and affects the structural integrity of sperm, leading to abnormalities [20][21]. - The accumulation of PTFE in the reproductive system is concerning as it can penetrate the blood-testis barrier and cause long-term health risks [20].

Core Viewpoint - The incidence and mortality rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are increasing annually in China, particularly during the autumn and winter seasons when cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent due to lower temperatures, which heighten the risk of heart attacks [1]. Group 1: Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction - Typical symptoms include severe chest pain lasting more than 15 minutes, which does not improve with rest or nitroglycerin [6]. - Chest pressure sensation, described as feeling like a heavy weight on the chest, may persist for several minutes or recur [7]. - Atypical symptoms may include radiating pain to the left shoulder, arm, jaw, or teeth, with women more likely to experience these non-typical symptoms [8]. - Other symptoms can include dizziness, weakness, cold sweats, pale complexion, difficulty breathing, nausea, and vomiting [10][11]. Group 2: Emergency Response Measures - Immediate actions include stopping all activities, lying down, and loosening tight clothing to calm down and improve oxygen supply to the heart [14]. - It is crucial to call emergency services promptly and provide accurate information about the patient's condition and medical history [15]. - If chest pain persists and blood pressure is stable, sublingual nitroglycerin may be administered; otherwise, alternative medications should be considered [16]. Group 3: Risk Factors and Causes - Risk factors for AMI include age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of heart disease [25]. - Common triggers for heart attacks include physical exertion, emotional stress, and unhealthy dietary habits [25]. - Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and coronary artery spasm due to various stimuli can lead to acute myocardial infarction [19][20]. Group 4: Prevention and Lifestyle Adjustments - Dietary recommendations emphasize low saturated fat and cholesterol intake, with a focus on fresh vegetables and whole grains [27]. - Maintaining a positive mindset and engaging in regular physical activity can benefit heart health [28]. - Avoiding excessive strain, monitoring high-risk factors, and adhering to prescribed medication regimens are essential for prevention [30][31][33].

Core Points - The article discusses the increasing incidence of strokes among young people and identifies four main factors contributing to this trend [1] - It emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of risk factors to prevent strokes [2] Group 1: Factors Contributing to Strokes in Young People - Many young individuals neglect regular health check-ups, leading to undiagnosed conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which can result in strokes [1] - Lifestyle choices, including late-night activities and lack of exercise, contribute to obesity and atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of stroke [1] - Cardiac issues, particularly atrial fibrillation or congenital heart diseases, can lead to blood clots that may block cerebral blood vessels, causing strokes [1] - Systemic diseases, such as autoimmune disorders, blood diseases, or arteritis, can also increase the likelihood of strokes in younger populations [1] - Specific risk factors for women include long-term use of contraceptives and smoking, which elevate stroke risk [1] Group 2: Early Detection and Prevention - The article highlights the "120 mnemonic" for early detection of stroke symptoms: - "1" refers to checking for facial symmetry and any drooping [2] - "2" involves assessing for weakness or numbness in one side of the body [2] - "0" indicates checking for difficulties in speech or understanding language [2] - Immediate action, such as calling emergency services (120) and seeking treatment at a specialized stroke center, is crucial upon noticing these warning signs [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during the autumn and winter seasons, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions. It emphasizes the importance of awareness regarding early symptoms and preventive measures to mitigate risks associated with cold weather and lifestyle factors. Group 1: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - In 2021, CVD was the leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in China, accounting for 48.98% and 47.35% of deaths respectively [3] - The crude incidence rate of CVD among residents aged 18 and above in 2023 was 620.33 per 100,000, with males at 717.36 and females at 519.64, showing a significant increase with age [3] Group 2: Seasonal Impact on Cardiovascular Health - Cold weather poses a direct challenge to blood vessels, leading to constriction and increased blood pressure, which heightens the heart's workload [4] - The autumn and winter seasons coincide with a rise in respiratory infections, which can indirectly harm the cardiovascular system and increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction [6] Group 3: High-Risk Populations - Elderly individuals and young professionals under high stress are identified as high-risk groups for cardiovascular events during the colder months [6][9] - Lifestyle factors such as obesity, hypertension, and sedentary behavior contribute to the increasing prevalence of CVD among younger populations [9] Group 4: Early Symptoms and Misdiagnosis - Common early symptoms of cardiovascular issues include fatigue, chest discomfort, palpitations, and sleep disturbances, which are often overlooked or misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal problems [7] - Patients frequently visit other medical departments without receiving appropriate cardiovascular care, highlighting the need for better awareness and education [8] Group 5: Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Recommendations - Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet low in salt and high in fruits and vegetables, is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases [10] - Regular physical activity, stress management, and adequate sleep are essential components of cardiovascular health [11] - During cold weather, individuals are advised to dress warmly and engage in moderate exercise to adapt to temperature changes [11]