（来源：CGTN） 转自：CGTN #长颈鹿脖子长是因为后天努力吗# 【#中国科学家发现基因封条#】长颈鹿的脖子为什么这么长？进化 论史上与达尔文针锋相对的一种重要观点——拉马克进化论认为，这是它拼命伸长脖子去采食物"锻 炼"出来的。虽然如今，达尔文的看法成为主流，拉马克被视作"经典错误"。但是最近的研究，让这一 争论迎来了关键反转：中国科学院曹晓风院士团队的一项发现，为拉马克理论提供了重要证据，并被评 为2025年中国生命科学十大进展。曹晓风院士团队发现，水稻从温暖的南方来到寒冷的东北，一些水稻 变得更加耐寒，这种耐寒能力还能遗传给子孙后代。最开始，科学家怀疑是这些水稻发生了基因突变， 但获得耐寒能力的水稻基因并没有变化。南方水稻其实本来就拥有抗寒的"天赋"，只是在温暖的环境 下，体内的抗寒基因被一串特定的化学基团锁住了，就好像是给基因贴上了"封条"。当水稻在东北经历 严寒"锻炼"时，迫使水稻"撕掉了"抗寒基因上的化学封条，不仅能够抗寒，其特性也就能被永久遗传。 这一发现，揭示了生命演化不止依靠随机的基因变异，环境压力也可以引发并选择表观遗传变异，调动 生物的潜在能力，为物种存续赢得宝贵的时间。（总台央视记 ...

来源：央视新闻客户端 长颈鹿的脖子为什么这么长？要是我说，这是它拼命伸长脖子够食物"锻炼"出来的，你会不会觉得很离谱？但这正是进化论史上与达尔文针锋相对的一种 重要观点——拉马克进化论。虽然如今，达尔文的看法成为主流，拉马克被视作"经典错误"。但是最近的研究，让这一争论迎来了关键反转：中国科学院 曹晓风院士团队的一项发现，为拉马克理论提供了重要证据，并被评为2025年中国生命科学十大进展。科学家到底发现了什么？达尔文和拉马克的进化论 之争，到底谁对谁错呢？ 达尔文告诉我们，进化是一场漫长而残酷的"抽奖"：生物靠随机的基因突变产生差异，环境再来筛选幸运儿，这就是我们常讲的"物竞天择，适者生存"。 但是拉马克却讲了一个更"励志"的故事：生物会因环境的压力而主动改变自己，比如长颈鹿努力伸长脖子去吃高处的树叶，并且这种后天努力取得的进 步，能够直接传给下一代。 循迹追踪！科学家发现，南方水稻其实本来就拥有抗寒的"天赋"，只是在温暖的环境下，体内的抗寒基因被一串特定的化学基团（DNA甲基化，一种表 观遗传修饰）锁住了，就好像是给基因贴上了封条，封印了抗寒能力。当水稻在东北经历严寒"锻炼"时，持续的环境压力，就迫使水稻" ...

来源： 央视新闻 #长颈鹿脖子长是因为后天努力吗#【转发！#中国科学家发现基因封条#】长颈鹿的脖子为什么这么长？ 进化论史上与达尔文针锋相对的一种重要观点——拉马克进化论认为，这是它拼命伸长脖子去采食 物"锻炼"出来的。虽然如今，达尔文的看法成为主流，拉马克被视作"经典错误"。但是最近的研究，让 这一争论迎来了关键反转：中国科学院曹晓风院士团队的一项发现，为拉马克理论提供了重要证据，并 被评为2025年中国生命科学十大进展。曹晓风院士团队发现，水稻从温暖的南方来到寒冷的东北，一些 水稻变得更加耐寒，这种耐寒能力还能遗传给子孙后代。最开始，科学家怀疑是这些水稻发生了基因突 变，但获得耐寒能力的水稻基因并没有变化。南方水稻其实本来就拥有抗寒的"天赋"，只是在温暖的环 境下，体内的抗寒基因被一串特定的化学基团锁住了，就好像是给基因贴上了"封条"。当水稻在东北经 历严寒"锻炼"时，迫使水稻"撕掉了"抗寒基因上的化学封条，不仅能够抗寒，其特性也就能被永久遗 传。这一发现，揭示了生命演化不止依靠随机的基因变异，环境压力也可以引发并选择表观遗传变异， 调动生物的潜在能力，为物种存续赢得宝贵的时间。（总台央视记者帅俊全 褚尔 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the annual selection of the "Top Ten Advances in Life Sciences in China" by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, showcasing significant innovations in the field aimed at enhancing public health and addressing critical issues in life sciences [2][36]. Group 1: Innovations in Cancer Treatment - A new strategy for enhancing and reducing toxicity in nasopharyngeal cancer immunotherapy has been developed, demonstrating a 44% reduction in failure risk and an increase in survival rate from 77.3% to 86.9% through the use of PD-1 monoclonal antibodies [4]. - The research also led to a decrease in chemotherapy-induced vomiting rates from 59.8% to 26.2% and reduced severe radiation therapy side effects from 33.2% to 21.6% [4]. Group 2: Caloric Restriction and Longevity - Research from Xiamen University identified a molecule called taurocholic acid that significantly increases in serum after caloric restriction, promoting health and longevity across various animal models [7]. - The study revealed that taurocholic acid activates the TULP3 receptor, which in turn activates Sirtuins, linking to the AMPK pathway, thus providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions that mimic caloric restriction effects [9]. Group 3: Neuroregeneration in Stroke Treatment - A novel "brain repair gel" developed by a collaborative team aims to improve the microenvironment post-stroke, promoting the regeneration of neurons and restoring sensory-motor functions [11]. - This approach marks a paradigm shift from passive protection to active regeneration in stroke treatment, with ongoing clinical trials validating its safety and efficacy [13]. Group 4: Metabolite Diversity and Disease Intervention - A team from Peking University discovered new gut microbiota-derived metabolites that regulate metabolic diseases, identifying orphan receptors as new targets for intervention [15]. - The research utilized AI to uncover specific synthetic enzymes, leading to the development of targeted intervention strategies for metabolic disorders [15]. Group 5: Advances in Genetic Engineering - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed an AI-driven protein engineering method that enables large-scale precise editing of DNA, which could revolutionize genetic disease treatment and crop breeding [24]. - This breakthrough represents a significant advancement in the application of AI in life sciences, showcasing the potential for deep learning to address biological challenges [24]. Group 6: Aging Interventions - Research teams have created a "protein scale" to quantify organ aging and identified key mechanisms driving aging, including the role of betaine as a "exercise mimetic" that slows multi-organ aging [26]. - The study also developed engineered anti-aging stem cells that can provide systemic protection against inflammation, contributing to the advancement of precision medicine in aging research [26]. Group 7: Insect Pheromone Research - A comprehensive analysis of locust aggregation pheromones has been conducted, leading to the development of specific inhibitors that can effectively control locust behavior [19]. - This research provides a foundational understanding for developing precise pest control strategies, marking a significant achievement in the field of entomology [19]. Group 8: Deep-Sea Evolutionary Mechanisms - A collaborative study has decoded the evolutionary processes of deep-sea animals, revealing how they adapt to extreme environments and providing insights into biodiversity [34]. - The findings challenge previous notions about deep-sea evolution, highlighting it as a site of innovation rather than a terminus for life [34].