兄弟姐妹们，咱们国家怎么了？ 你注意到街上不再见到那些玩得疯的熊孩子了，反倒是养老院越来越 多。根据统计数据，2022年出生的人口仅为956万，自然人口增长率降至-0.6%。这差距也太大了吧？让 人不禁思考，如果当年马寅初没有提出那个人口论，如果我们国家没有实施计划生育，现在的局面会是 什么样？ 别急，听我慢慢道来，保证让你们大开眼界！ 看完这个开头，是不是有点坐不住了？不要急，咱们接下来聊聊这个曾经引起广泛讨论的人口论。回顾 1957年，当时我国刚刚稳固发展，正是充满干劲的时期。北大的讲台上，一位头发花白的教授缓步登上 讲台，他的气场简直像是要变身超级赛亚人一样。这位老教授就是马寅初，一位在经济学界有着举足轻 重地位的学者。 马老爷子那天可不是来上普通的课，而是要抛出一个震撼人心的观点——《新人口论》。说实话，当时 在场的学生估计都惊呆了，眼睛瞪得像铜铃一样。你们或许会好奇，这位马教授怎么突然对人口问题这 么关注？其实，马寅初并不是闲着没事瞎说的，他是位真正的学者，早在新中国成立之前就开始研究人 口问题，堪称学术界的劳模。 马寅初的思考不仅仅局限于中国，受到了两位英国经济学大佬的启发——威廉·配第和亚当·斯 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that Vietnam has officially abolished its long-standing family planning policy, allowing couples to decide on their own fertility choices, which reflects a global trend towards encouraging higher birth rates [1][2][3] - Vietnam's population has surpassed 100 million as of 2023, making it one of the few countries with such a large population, which is significant on a global scale [4][7] - The total fertility rate in Vietnam has drastically declined from 4-5 in the 1980s to 1.91, falling below the replacement level of 2.1, indicating a severe demographic challenge [11][14][18] Group 2 - The decline in birth rates is attributed to modernization, urbanization, and changing cultural values, which have diminished traditional views on childbearing [19][20] - The rising costs of living, particularly housing, have made it increasingly difficult for young people to prioritize marriage and childbirth, with property prices in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City soaring [23][27] - The article emphasizes that simply lifting the family planning policy will not resolve the underlying issues contributing to the demographic crisis [29] Group 3 - Vietnam is at risk of missing its demographic dividend, as the window for benefiting from a young labor force is closing rapidly, with projections indicating a population decline by 2054 [17][30] - The article draws parallels with other countries that have experienced demographic challenges, highlighting that having a large population does not guarantee economic benefits [32][33] - The emergence of new technological challenges, particularly in the context of artificial intelligence, poses additional risks to Vietnam's economic prospects and labor market [37][38]