Core Viewpoint - The phrase "cognition is greater than fact" is often misinterpreted in the business context, leading many companies to focus excessively on marketing and branding at the expense of product quality and differentiation [5][25]. Group 1: Marketing and Cognition - The belief that "cognition is greater than fact" can lead to a marketing trap where companies prioritize branding over the actual value of their products [5][16]. - Examples like Volvo demonstrate how consistent branding can create strong associations in consumer minds, even if the underlying facts are not as clear [2][10]. - The concept of "black box business" illustrates that in certain markets, consumer judgment is heavily influenced by branding, as seen with luxury items like diamonds and high-end wines [9][10]. Group 2: Product Quality and Market Reality - In "white box business," where consumers can easily assess product quality, the reality of the product outweighs any marketing claims, as demonstrated by educational services and delivery companies [12][15]. - The case of "钟薛高" (Chongxuegao) highlights the risks of relying solely on marketing to create perceived value, as consumer backlash occurred when the product did not meet expectations [17][19]. - The comparison between Tesla and traditional luxury car brands shows that tangible product performance can disrupt established brand perceptions, emphasizing the importance of facts over marketing narratives [20][25]. Group 3: Recommendations for Businesses - Companies should maintain honesty about their products and focus on delivering quality, especially in sectors like healthcare and education where consumer evaluation is critical [23]. - Businesses must be wary of "concept inflation," as consumers become fatigued by overhyped marketing claims, making authenticity a valuable asset [24]. - A balanced approach that values both cognition and fact is essential for long-term success, as seen in companies like Apple that combine strong branding with high-quality products [24][25].