新京报讯（记者陈琳）冬季是诺如病毒感染的高发期。北京市市场监管局近日发布健康提示，提醒广大 消费者及各类集体用餐单位：出现呕吐、腹泻等症状，不应简单归因为"吃坏东西"或食物中毒，需要高 度警惕诺如病毒感染风险。该病毒传染性极强，易在学校、托幼机构、企业食堂等人员密集场所引起聚 集性疫情。 诺如病毒环境抵抗力强，在物体表面可存活较长时间，且酒精类消毒剂无法有效灭活。其传播途径多 样，主要包括：接触感染者的呕吐物、排泄物或其污染的环境物体表面（如门把手、餐具）；吸入呕吐 或腹泻产生的气溶胶；食用或饮用被病毒污染的食物和水。 1. 严格个人卫生 饭前便后、加工食品前，应使用肥皂或洗手液在流动水下按规范方法洗手，时长不少于20秒。免洗手消 毒液不能代替流动水洗手。 2. 加强餐饮制作过程控制 集体食堂、餐饮单位务必做到生熟分开、烧熟煮透，果蔬洗净，不供应生冷未彻底加热的食物。从业人 员如出现胃肠道症状，应立即调离岗位。 3. 规范环境与物品消毒 发生呕吐、腹泻情况，需要立即使用含氯消毒剂对被污染物体表面及环境进行规范消毒。清理污染物时 应佩戴手套、口罩，做好个人防护。 感染后潜伏期通常为12小时至48小时，主要症状为 ...

近日，重庆市疾控部门发布提醒，1月，诺如病毒感染正处于高发期，需要特别防范。记者走访了多家 医院儿科，近期各医院均接诊了多名诺如病毒患儿，一些家长习惯性地认为孩子到了冬季，胃肠功能减 弱导致了呕吐腹泻，自行用药反而耽误病情。这种被称为"冬季呕吐病"的儿童高发疾病，到底要怎么辨 别？家长要怎么帮助孩子预防呢？记者采访了重庆市妇幼保健院儿内科主任李雪梅。 科学应对无需盲目用药 "目前针对诺如病毒感染既没有特效药，也没有专用疫苗，治疗核心是对症支持，重点预防脱水。"李雪 梅强调，这是家长最需要明确的一点，切勿因急于缓解症状而自行给孩子使用抗生素或止泻药，抗生素 不仅对病毒无效，还可能破坏肠道菌群平衡。 对于症状较轻的患者，居家护理的关键是补液。李雪梅建议，家长应给患病孩子少量多次饮用温开水或 口服补液盐，避免因一次性大量饮水引发呕吐。若孩子呕吐严重无法进食进水，或出现明显脱水症状， 如口渴、烦躁哭闹、唇干舌燥、囟门及眼眶凹陷、尿量减少、皮肤弹性变差等，需立即就医，必要时进 行静脉补液纠正电解质紊乱。 李雪梅指出，诺如病毒主要侵犯肠道上皮细胞，导致肠道吸收能力下降，引发腹泻呕吐，但其病变具有 可逆性，一般2周左右可完 ...

Core Viewpoint - The outbreak of norovirus on the Royal Caribbean cruise ship "Symphony of the Seas" has raised global concerns about infectious disease control during travel, particularly in enclosed spaces like cruise ships [3][4]. Group 1: Outbreak Details - Approximately 5% of the nearly 2000 passengers on the cruise ship exhibited symptoms of norovirus, such as diarrhea and vomiting [3]. - Experts suggest that the actual number of infections may be higher due to passengers potentially hiding symptoms to avoid quarantine [3]. - The ship has docked at Miami port following the outbreak [3]. Group 2: Norovirus Characteristics - Norovirus is highly contagious and can survive in environments ranging from 0°C to 60°C, making it a year-round threat, especially during the fall and winter seasons [3]. - Transmission can occur through contaminated food or direct person-to-person contact [3]. Group 3: Preventive Measures and Response - Cruise companies are expected to implement emergency response procedures, including enhanced sanitation, isolation of sick passengers and crew, and reducing crowding by closing pools and dining areas [4]. - There is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for norovirus, but the illness is usually self-limiting, lasting one to three days for most healthy adults [4]. - High-risk groups, such as young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals, require timely medical attention to prevent severe complications like dehydration [4].