Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of boosting consumption as a key strategy for expanding domestic demand, with the government prioritizing this in its work report [2] - Local governments face significant financial constraints due to accumulated debt and a downturn in the real estate market, which impacts their ability to implement consumption-boosting policies [2][6] - A recommendation is made to establish a positive incentive mechanism at the fiscal and tax system level to encourage local governments to promote consumption, aligning with the new stage of economic development in China [2][6] Group 2 - The structure of tax revenue in China shows that VAT, corporate income tax, consumption tax, and personal income tax are the top four tax types, with VAT contributing the most to local tax revenue [3] - In 2024, China's total tax revenue is projected to be 17.5 trillion yuan, with VAT accounting for 6.67 trillion yuan (38%) and consumption tax for 1.65 trillion yuan (9%) [3] Group 3 - International experiences suggest that reforms in VAT distribution should focus on transferring payments to consumption areas and improving the precision of these transfers [4] - The current VAT distribution mechanism in China is based on the production location principle, which has become less effective as consumption becomes the main growth driver [6][7] Group 4 - The EU's VAT reform experience highlights the transition from a production-based to a consumption-based tax system, which could inform China's VAT distribution reform [9][10] - The US sales tax system, which relies on state-level sales taxes rather than a unified VAT, provides insights into how differentiated tax rates can guide consumer behavior and promote healthy consumption [12][14] Group 5 - Recommendations for enhancing local government incentives to promote consumption include optimizing the VAT distribution mechanism and implementing a more precise compensation system for consumption areas [15] - Suggestions also include adjusting consumption tax rates to encourage green and healthy consumption, and linking consumption taxes to public services to create a positive cycle of tax revenue and consumer spending [16][14]

新华财经上海4月21日电（记者王淑娟）20日，上海财经大学中国宏观经济研究中心揭牌成立，同时发 布了《2025年一季度宏观经济专题报告》。报告显示，美国市场占中国出口份额的比例已从2017年的 19%下降到2024年的14.7%，中国出口通过市场多元化布局、提升产品竞争力等显著增强了对美国关税 的韧性。此外，中国的国内统一大市场建设和制度优势也有助于化解美国关税带来的出口风险和可能的 系统风险。同时，此轮关税有可能削弱美元的国际货币信用，为人民币国际化创造了结构性机遇，中国 应该加速推进人民币国际化。 上海财经大学中国宏观经济研究中心研究员赵琳指出，特朗普2.0贸易政策极端且充满不确定性，这背 后反映出美国国内多重问题，极端的贸易政策可能会进一步激化美国国内矛盾。对于2025年一季度中国 外贸的现状，她指出，我国外贸整体平稳，但也面临挑战：进口需求疲弱；出口虽延续后疫情时代以价 换量、市场向共建"一带一路"国家转移、跨境电商拉动增长等特征，但在美关税政策冲击下，以价换量 难以为继，"一带一路" 和跨境电商受影响，长期面临供应链重构问题；企业资产负债表易受政策剧烈 变化冲击等。 （文章来源：新华财经） 对此，上 ...