取得多个"首创性"的关键进展 7月9日，中国科学院召开新闻发布会，发布嫦娥六号月球样品系列研究成果。其中，4项成果当天 以封面文章的形式发表于《自然》杂志，分别揭示了月背岩浆活动、月球古磁场、月幔水含量及月幔演 化特征，首次为人类揭开了月球背面的演化历史。 会上，中国科学院院士、中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员吴福元表示，这一系列研究成果 被《自然》选为封面，既说明研究工作揭示了月球南极—艾特肯盆地的演化历史，也说明嫦娥六号样品 的返回和研究创造了月球探测的历史。 嫦娥五号样品实现我国首次地外天体采样，嫦娥六号样品实现人类首次月球背面采样，都是举世瞩 目的成就。嫦娥五号着陆在月球正面的年轻火山活动区，填补了月球晚期演化研究的空白。过去阿波罗 计划只采集了30亿年之前的样品，而对于月球30亿年以来的演化历史并不清楚，嫦娥五号样品发现20亿 年前的火山活动，将月球火山活动历史延长了10亿年。 而嫦娥六号着陆在月球背面的南极—艾特肯盆地，填补了月球背面演化研究的空白。月球背面最引 人注目的地貌当属南极—艾特肯盆地。该盆地是月球三大构造单元之一，在上世纪70年代美国阿波罗计 划期间被命名，到90年代中期，人类才真 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chang'e 6 mission has successfully returned samples from the Moon's far side, revealing significant insights into the South Pole-Aitken basin and its impact on lunar evolution [2][3][5]. Group 1: Chang'e 6 Mission Achievements - The Chang'e 6 mission achieved the world's first lunar far side sample return, bringing back 1935.3 grams of samples [2]. - The Chinese Academy of Sciences published four major research findings in the journal "Nature," systematically revealing the effects of the South Pole-Aitken impact [2][3]. Group 2: Geological Insights - The South Pole-Aitken basin is identified as the largest and oldest impact feature on the Moon, formed by a massive collision approximately 4.25 billion years ago [6]. - The research indicates that volcanic activity occurred on the Moon's far side around 4 billion and 2.8 billion years ago, lasting at least 1.4 billion years [6]. Group 3: New Discoveries - A new type of rock, termed South Pole-Aitken basin impact lava, was discovered, providing new insights into the Moon's formation and evolution [6]. - The study revealed that the Moon's far side has a significantly lower water content in the mantle compared to the near side, indicating a "bipartite" distribution of water within the Moon [6][7]. Group 4: Understanding Lunar Dichotomy - The concept of "ultra-depleted mantle" was introduced, suggesting that the far side's mantle is extremely poor in incompatible elements like potassium and rare earth elements [7][9]. - The formation of the "ultra-depleted mantle" may be linked to the initial differentiation of the magma ocean and subsequent volcanic activity that altered the shallow mantle region [7][9].

Core Insights - The Chang'e 6 mission has successfully returned samples from the Moon's far side, specifically from the South Pole-Aitken Basin, revealing significant geological characteristics of the lunar mantle [1][2][3] Group 1: Scientific Findings - The analysis of the basalt samples indicates a "super-depleted" state of the lunar mantle, characterized by a significant lack of incompatible elements [3][4] - The South Pole-Aitken Basin is the largest and oldest impact crater on the Moon, providing a unique opportunity to study the deep lunar crust and mantle [3][4] Group 2: Theoretical Models - Two models have been proposed to explain the "super-depleted" characteristics: 1. The "primordial depletion" model suggests that the Moon's early magma ocean underwent crystallization, leading to a natural depletion of incompatible elements [4][5] 2. The "post-impact modification" model posits that the massive impact that created the South Pole-Aitken Basin significantly altered the composition of the lunar mantle, resulting in the depletion of volatile elements [5][6] Group 3: Implications for Lunar Research - The findings from the Chang'e 6 mission provide critical evidence for understanding the early layering, cooling, and evolution of the Moon's interior, which is essential for addressing the differences between the Moon's near and far sides [6]