Core Viewpoint - The "15th Five-Year Plan" is a critical period for China's modernization, focusing on restructuring economic growth logic, shifting from optimizing traditional industries to "extraordinary" technological breakthroughs, and emphasizing fiscal and financial reforms to alleviate fiscal constraints and promote growth towards the 2035 vision [2][3]. Group 1: Key Tasks and Economic Context - The "15th Five-Year Plan" serves as a transitional phase, linking the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 modernization goals, requiring both strategic continuity and innovation [4]. - The plan addresses significant changes in the global landscape, domestic economic transformation, and the impact of a new technological revolution, which collectively shape the macro context for the plan [4][5]. Group 2: Economic Growth Baseline and Targets - To double the economic output by 2035 compared to 2020, the nominal GDP growth rate must average around 4% from 2025 to 2035, while per capita GDP must grow at approximately 3.9% [6][7]. - The plan sets ambitious targets for economic growth, reflecting a commitment to high-quality development and the integration of rapid economic growth with long-term stability [7]. Group 3: Industrial Policy and Technological Innovation - The plan prioritizes the transformation of traditional industries, emphasizing quality upgrades in sectors like mining, metallurgy, and chemicals to enhance global competitiveness [7][8]. - It outlines strategic emerging industries and future industries, including new energy, aerospace, and quantum technology, establishing a gradient development framework [7][8]. - Technological modernization is highlighted as a key support for China's modernization, with a focus on breakthroughs in critical core technologies across various sectors [8][9]. Group 4: Service Sector Development - The service sector is identified as having significant growth potential, with a notable gap in consumer spending compared to developed countries, indicating a potential market of nearly 3 trillion yuan [9]. - Systematic solutions for expanding domestic demand include increasing public service spending and enhancing the supply of quality consumer goods and services [9]. Group 5: Fiscal and Financial Reforms - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes reforms aimed at enhancing macroeconomic governance, with over 300 reform tasks to be completed by 2029 across various sectors [10][11]. - Key reform areas include market-oriented reforms, fostering new productive forces, and achieving green transitions, with a focus on establishing a unified national market [11][12]. - Financial reforms are crucial for improving local fiscal sustainability, addressing challenges in local government financing, and ensuring a clear division of responsibilities between central and local governments [12][13].