Core Insights - The valuation increase of overseas financial institutions is driven by both regulatory easing and business model innovation, providing a reference for Chinese financial institutions [1] Group 1: Valuation Evolution - The evolution of overseas financial institutions' valuations can be traced through three distinct transformation phases over the past 20 years: 2000-2008 was characterized by scale-driven growth, 2009-2019 saw a shift towards structural optimization due to regulatory pressures, and from 2020 onwards, technology and ESG factors have become key drivers [1] - The subprime mortgage crisis marked a pivotal point in the valuation logic, leading to a focus on wealth and asset management as core engines for valuation enhancement [1] Group 2: Regulatory Environment - A relatively loose regulatory environment has been a crucial foundation for valuation increases, exemplified by the U.S. investment banking sector during the Trump administration (2016-2018), where regulatory relaxation coincided with significant valuation gains [2] Group 3: Business Model Innovation - Overseas financial institutions have achieved sustained profitability through business model innovation and capital management, focusing on optimizing capital structure, enhancing capital efficiency, and transitioning to light capital models [3] - High-valuation banks, such as JPMorgan, have successfully developed high-return, low-risk businesses like wealth management, with non-interest income accounting for over 50% of their revenue [3] Group 4: Implications for Chinese Financial Institutions - The valuation transformation of overseas financial institutions offers valuable lessons for domestic institutions facing long-term "broken net" pressures, emphasizing the need for a balance between international alignment and local adaptation in building a Chinese valuation system [4] - The current reliance on indirect financing in China, with a high proportion of interest income, suggests that not all banks are suited for a transition towards retail banking and wealth management [4]