初中时候，我心智混沌，上课经常不听讲，学习上磕磕碰碰。 有次考物理，最后一道难题是关于浮力的。我完全不记得浮力公式，于是开始徒手推导，用一种感觉模 拟的方式，写出了自己的解答。 发卷的时候，我的答案居然对了，不过分数是零。同桌只写下了公式，后面啥都没做，得了5分。 物理学家费米 说：计算方法只有两种。 "第一种，也是我喜欢采用的，就是拥有一个明确的物理影像； 第二种，则必须具备严密的数学形式结构。" 也许那时我用的方法，就是在大脑中模拟一种初始的物理影像与过程吧。 后来读高中，我稍有改善，不再那么心不在焉，从物理中获得了更多的乐趣。 我尤其喜欢力学，因为只需要极少的公式，就能解决一些很复杂、很天马行空的难题。--照例用的是那 种"感觉"为主的方式。 我会在脑海中模拟物体的受力（以及力的分解），模拟运动，模拟各种要素组合之后的系统作用，然后 再用公式来计算。 爱因斯坦在1945年给数学家雅克·阿达玛写了一封信。阿达玛当时正在研究科学家和数学家的思维过 程。 其中有如下一段： "书写或说出的词语或语言，在我的思考机制中似乎不起任何作用。那些似乎在思想中充当要素的心理 实体，是某些可以'自愿地'被再现和组合的、或多 ...

Summary of Aardvark Therapeutics (AARD) Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Aardvark Therapeutics (AARD) - **Focus**: Development of ARTOR 101, a therapeutic targeting appetite regulation through gut hormones Key Points Therapeutic Mechanism and Approach - ARTOR 101 was developed to inhibit bitter taste receptors to suppress appetite, initially theorized to reduce calorie intake by using a bitter compound that is non-toxic [3][4] - The drug stimulates the release of gut peptide hormones such as CCK, GLP-1, GLP-2, and possibly PYY, which act locally and are rapidly degraded [5][6] - The distinction between hunger (pain avoidance pathway) and appetite (pleasure-seeking pathway) is emphasized, with ARTOR 101 allowing users to skip meals without feeling hungry [8][9][12] Indication and Market Opportunity - The primary indication is for Prader-Willi syndrome, characterized by hyperphagia, which severely impacts patients and families [18][19] - Recent approval of Celino Therapeutics' drug VICAT (DCCR) for hyperphagia presents competition, but Aardvark believes their approach directly addresses the cause of hyperphagia, offering a significant market opportunity [20][21] Clinical Trials and Data - A phase two trial showed a drop of nine points on the HQCT scale, indicating a robust signal of efficacy [23][24] - The phase three trial design includes dose escalation and stricter inclusion criteria to ensure a more reliable data package [36][39] - The trial aims for a clinically meaningful change of five points on the HQCT scale, with 90% power requiring 32 patients per arm [46][47] Regulatory Pathway - The FDA indicated that one statistically significant study could suffice for submission as a pivotal trial [54][55] - Ongoing safety data collection from open-label extensions and additional trials in hypothalamic obesity and general obesity [55] Competitive Landscape - Aardvark anticipates that ARTOR 101 will replace rather than combine with existing treatments due to pricing and efficacy concerns [57][58] - The company is aware of the challenges faced by existing treatments, with a significant dropout rate observed in Celino's studies, indicating potential limitations in efficacy [58][59] Future Directions - Plans to explore hypothalamic obesity and general obesity, leveraging the drug's mechanism to enhance CCK signaling to the hypothalamus [61][63] - A trial comparing ARTOR 101 with GLP-1 drugs is planned to assess weight loss potential and rebound effects post-treatment [65][66] Additional Insights - The importance of consistent patient rating for HQCT scale assessments was highlighted, as variability can affect data reliability [38] - The potential for ARTOR 101 to suppress ghrelin levels, which rise with GLP-1 treatments, could provide a unique advantage in managing weight rebound [67] This summary encapsulates the key discussions and insights from the Aardvark Therapeutics conference call, focusing on the company's innovative approach to appetite regulation and the clinical and market strategies moving forward.