Core Viewpoint - Dali Prefecture is establishing a new model for ecological governance through systematic policies and actions aimed at protecting and restoring the Erhai Lake ecosystem, while balancing economic development and environmental sustainability [1][14][20]. Group 1: Ecological Governance and Protection Measures - Dali Prefecture has implemented the "Three Treatments and One Improvement" strategy, focusing on water pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution, and waste management, alongside improving lake ecology [1][14]. - The establishment of the China Dali Erhai Plateau Lake Protection Research Base and a scientific team of experts aims to enhance the precision and scientific basis of ecological governance [1][14]. - A digital monitoring platform integrating data from 26 agencies has been developed to support precise governance of the Erhai Lake ecosystem [1][15]. Group 2: Infrastructure Development - Dali has constructed 20 sewage treatment plants, laid 5,743 kilometers of sewage collection pipelines, and built 149,000 septic tanks to create a comprehensive sewage treatment system [15]. - The ecological restoration of rivers entering the lake has achieved a 100% water quality rate for 27 major inflow rivers [15]. Group 3: Agricultural Pollution Control - Dali Prefecture has adopted a "Three Bans and Four Promotions" policy to reduce agricultural pollution, including banning certain fertilizers and pesticides, and promoting organic farming practices [15]. - The area of high-water and high-fertilizer crop cultivation has been reduced by 123,600 acres, and 489,600 acres of high-standard farmland have been established [15]. Group 4: Ecological Restoration Initiatives - The implementation of integrated protection projects for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands has led to the greening of 58,000 acres and the establishment of 40,000 acres of wetlands [16]. - The resurgence of the "water quality indicator" seaweed flower in Erhai Lake symbolizes the success of ecological restoration efforts [16]. Group 5: Long-term Governance Mechanisms - Dali has revised the Erhai protection management regulations five times to create a comprehensive legal framework for ecological governance [17][19]. - The establishment of ecological red lines and strict management zones has led to the relocation of 7,270 people from the lakeshore, promoting a "people retreating, lake advancing" approach [19]. Group 6: Economic Development and Industrial Transformation - Dali Prefecture recognizes the interdependence of economic development and ecological protection, focusing on high-quality industrial transformation while protecting the Erhai ecosystem [20]. - The closure of 46 large-scale aquaculture farms and three cement plants has been part of the strategy to reduce environmental impact [20]. Group 7: Enhancing Quality of Life - Dali Prefecture emphasizes a people-centered development approach, transforming private ecological spaces into public areas for community enjoyment [21]. - Urban and rural development initiatives aim to create a harmonious living environment that integrates natural beauty and cultural heritage [21]. Group 8: Sharing Ecological Protection Experiences - Dali Prefecture promotes its ecological governance experiences as a model for global ecological civilization, participating in international exchanges and forums [22]. - The "Erhai Experience" has been recognized as a benchmark for urban lake management, contributing to global ecological governance discussions [22].

日前，在江苏省农业面源污染治理培训会上，南通如皋市分享的农田排灌系统生态化改造"农田退水治 理"项目经验成为全场焦点。如皋依据2023年度断面水质状况和水系特征，将汛期水质不能稳定达标的 重点国考省考断面及敏感水体周边农田作为试点，启动2024年度农田排灌系统生态化改造。项目覆盖8 个镇区，涉及两万余亩农田，已实现农田退水的高效治理与循环利用，为面源污染治理提供了可复制的 样板。 如皋经验的核心，在于精准把握"退水不直排、肥水不下河、养分再利用" 的治理原则。这一理念并非 简单的污染拦截，而是将农田退水视为可循环利用的资源。当地依托地形特点，将低洼地改造为肥水收 集调蓄池，构建起"雨季储水防污染、旱季灌溉再利用"的闭环系统。同时，在高标准农田建设中融入生 态化改造，通过生态塘对汛期过量退水进行分级净化，既减少污染物排放，又实现水资源的高效利用， 真正做到变废为宝。 两大关键举措直击农田退水治理要害。在秸秆处理上，如皋市以"四离一集中"原则划定秸秆离田区域， 通过建立秸秆收储运体系和综合利用产业链，将田间废弃物转化为生物质燃料、有机肥原料，从源头上 阻断秸秆腐烂对水体的污染。针对肥料使用，联合科研机构探索化肥减 ...