2025.05. 06 本文字数：2836，阅读时长大约5分钟 作者 | 第一财经 高雅 封图 | 新华社 特朗普政府的关税政策给美国大小企业带来了棘手的业务危机。 从对冲基金巨头阿克曼（Bill Ackman）、桥水基金创始人达利欧（Ray Dalio），到佛罗里达州的造 纸公司和纽约市的一家酒水零售商，美国企业家不得不使用诉讼、公开喊话以及私下游说等一切途径 劝阻特朗普收回"对等关税"。 目前，全美范围内至少有七起案件以《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）为依据挑战特朗普的关税措 施，旨在推翻特朗普的关税政策。 牛津经济研究院美国副经济学家兹维默（Grace Zwemmer）对第一财经记者表示，4月美国消费者信 心指数已降至2020年5月以来的最低水平，这主要源于对关税可能导致未来价格上涨的担忧。后续更 多负面影响需要一段时间才能显现，而供应链中断的不确定性将延长通胀高企的周期。 美关税政策遭遇多起诉讼 自特朗普政府提出所谓"对等关税"政策一个月以来，一场跨州、跨行业的法律合围正在形成。从州政 府到原住民部落，从造纸企业到桌游制造商，美国企业和律师开始挑战总统随意设定关税的权力合法 性。 在州层面，4月1 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration's tariff policy has led to significant business crises for American companies, prompting various stakeholders to challenge the legality of these tariffs through lawsuits and lobbying efforts [1][3]. Group 1: Legal Challenges - At least seven lawsuits have been filed across the U.S. challenging Trump's tariff measures under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), aiming to overturn the tariffs [1][3]. - California was the first state to file a lawsuit against the tariffs, claiming they severely harm the state's economy, followed by a coalition of 12 states alleging that the tariffs disrupt constitutional order and create economic chaos [3][4]. - Various businesses, including a Florida paper company and a Native American tribe, have also filed lawsuits, citing increased costs and violations of treaty rights due to the tariffs [3][4]. Group 2: Business Reactions - Executives from major companies, including Home Depot and German automakers, have engaged directly with the Trump administration to seek tariff exemptions, highlighting the tariffs' potential to disrupt supply chains and inflate prices [5][7]. - Influential business figures, such as Harold Hamm, have leveraged their connections to persuade Trump to reconsider certain tariffs, particularly those affecting energy imports from Canada [7][8]. Group 3: Economic Implications - Experts argue that the tariffs are unlikely to achieve their intended goal of bringing manufacturing back to the U.S., as established global supply chains cannot be easily reestablished domestically [10][11]. - The tariffs are expected to increase production costs in the U.S., potentially harming the international competitiveness of American manufacturing [10][11]. - Consumer confidence has dropped to its lowest level since May 2020, indicating that the tariffs may lead to a slowdown in consumer demand and economic growth [1][11].