Core Viewpoint - The "under-forest economy" is being elevated to a national strategic level in China, aiming to transform ecological resources into economic benefits, aligning with the concept that "green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver" [1][2]. Group 1: National Strategy and Economic Impact - The under-forest economy has been included in the government's work report and the 14th Five-Year Plan, highlighting its importance for national ecological security, rural revitalization, and common prosperity [1][2]. - The FAO's 2024 report indicates that nearly 6 billion people rely on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods, with 70% of the impoverished population directly depending on forest resources [2]. - The under-forest economy aims to efficiently convert the ecological value of "green mountains and clear waters" into economic wealth, addressing both international concepts and China's unique conditions [2][4]. Group 2: Ecological and Economic Synergy - The under-forest economy successfully integrates ecological protection with economic development, utilizing forest space without deforestation or land occupation [5][6]. - This model enhances forest management efficiency and sustainability, contributing to carbon sequestration and biodiversity [6][7]. - The economic advantages include high land utilization rates and the emergence of new industries, particularly in non-timber forest products, which have significant market potential [7][9]. Group 3: Employment and Rural Development - The under-forest economy is expected to create numerous job opportunities and support small farmers, providing a pathway for rural income generation [9][10]. - In Guangxi, the under-forest economy's annual output value is projected to reach 138.8 billion yuan by 2024, benefiting over 12 million farmers with an average annual income increase of over 4,000 yuan [10]. - However, challenges such as higher initial investments and the need for new skills in ecological management and processing remain [10][11]. Group 4: Technological and Policy Support - To overcome barriers, collaboration among government, research institutions, and social capital is essential, including establishing dedicated funding and technical support for the under-forest economy [11][12]. - Various operational models have emerged, including under-forest planting, breeding, and eco-tourism, but balancing ecological protection with economic returns is crucial [12][13]. - Emphasizing ecological protection as a priority, policies should ensure sustainable practices while allowing for economic development [13][14]. Group 5: Future Directions and Innovations - The under-forest economy is expanding into new areas such as carbon trading and functional forest food development, indicating significant growth potential [15][16]. - The establishment of a dedicated research office for the under-forest economy aims to focus on resource conservation, efficient management, and advanced processing technologies [16]. - Overall, the under-forest economy represents a pathway for ecological industrialization and rural integration, enhancing the well-being of the population through innovative practices [16].

Core Insights - Yunnan Province has been promoting high-quality development of the forestry and grassland industry since the 14th Five-Year Plan, with the output value of the under-forest economy reaching 193.4 billion yuan [1] - The total output value of the forestry and grassland industry in Yunnan is projected to reach 562.65 billion yuan in 2024, doubling from 277.1 billion yuan at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [1] Group 1: Policy and Resource Management - Yunnan has optimized resource policies to promote the development of the under-forest economy, conducting thorough investigations of usable forest land resources [1] - The province has implemented a total of 310 million mu (approximately 20.67 million hectares) of forest land area for both full and restricted utilization [1] - Guidelines for sustainable forest management and technical regulations for timber harvesting have been established to clarify land use requirements for commercial and public forests [1] Group 2: Financial and Technological Support - A total of 2.39 billion yuan has been invested in forest cultivation, covering an area of 7.66 million mu (approximately 511,000 hectares) [1] - The establishment of a research center for the under-forest economy aims to enhance technological support, promoting projects such as the cultivation of medicinal herbs and conservation of wild mushrooms [1] - Efforts are being made to facilitate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the forestry sector [1]

记者从云南省林业和草原局获悉："十四五"以来，云南持续推动林草产业高质量发展，林下经济产业产 值已达1934亿元。2024年全省林草产业总产值5626.5亿元，较"十三五"末的2771亿元实现翻番。 （文章来源：人民日报） 以促进林下经济发展为例，云南优化资源政策，深入开展林下经济可利用林地资源摸底调查，落实可充 分利用和限制利用林地面积共3.1亿亩。通过制定森林可持续经营指导意见、林木采伐技术规程等，明 确商品林、公益林等林地利用要求，将森林抚育作业后的郁闭度最大放宽至0.5，挖掘林地资源潜力。 整合财税政策，投入23.9亿元实施森林抚育766万亩。强化科技支撑作用，成立林下经济研究中心，推 进中药材栽培、野生菌保育促繁等科技推广项目，促进科技成果转化。 ...