极地问题同样如此。北极航道的意义不仅仅是缩短运输距离，更重要的是重塑全球物流格局。中国在这一方向采取了合作与建设并行的策略，注重破冰能力 的提升、科研投入和基础设施的规划，形成了一整套系统。反观美国，在极地事务上的现实能力，与其雄心勃勃的战略目标并不匹配。美国的装备数量有 限，更新节奏较慢，整体投入也长期不足。 美国战略圈最近发出了一个不太寻常的信号。在讨论中国时，焦点明显发生了变化，不再过多纠结于关税、芯片、贸易逆差等老问题，而是开始着眼于更长 远的未来。一些重量级的声音已经公开承认，真正决定胜负的地方，根本不在眼前的市场竞争，而是在未来几十年的规则制定和空间掌控上。 最近，美国权威杂志《外交事务》刊登了一篇重要评论，作者是伊丽莎白·伊科诺米（Elizabeth Economy）。她的文章题为《中国如何赢得未来》，文章指 出，长时间以来，美国对中国的讨论陷入了误区。舆论场上充斥着关税清单、技术限制和企业制裁，看似热闹，实际上这些只算是表面的摩擦。美国的战略 界现在给出的判断更加直白：中美博弈的真正核心已经转向了五个新兴领域：深海、极地、太空、网络空间和金融体系。这些领域有一个共同点：短期内看 不到什么明显的 ...

Core Insights - Deep-sea resource development focuses on areas deeper than 200 meters, encompassing strategic resources such as minerals, energy, and biological resources, which are crucial for overcoming land resource limitations and ensuring national security [1][2] - The Chinese government has integrated deep-sea development into its national security strategy, designating it as a strategic emerging industry in the 2025 government work report, supported by a special fund of 50 billion yuan for marine economy [1][5] - The industry is projected to reach a scale of 3.25 trillion yuan by 2025 and exceed 5 trillion yuan by 2030, driven by significant growth in oil and gas development, mining, and biopharmaceutical sectors [1][9] Industry Overview - Deep-sea resource development involves exploration, extraction, and utilization of resources in deep-sea areas, aiming to acquire strategic resources through advanced technologies [2][3] - The sector is categorized into five main types: deep-sea mineral resources, oil and gas resources, biological resources, energy resources, and spatial resources [3] Development Drivers - National strategy and policy support are key drivers, with deep-sea development included in China's national security framework and significant funding allocated to support technological advancements [5][6] - The high dependency on foreign oil and gas, with over 70% reliance, necessitates deep-sea oil and gas development as a strategic solution to energy security [5][6] - Technological breakthroughs and domestic equipment manufacturing have positioned China to lead in deep-sea resource development, enhancing its global competitiveness [6][7] Current Industry Status - The deep-sea economy is rapidly growing, with the marine economy reaching 10.54 trillion yuan in 2024, driven by significant demand in deep-sea oil and gas and biological resource development [8][9] - The deep-sea oil and gas sector has seen substantial advancements, with the first ultra-deepwater gas field "Deep Sea No. 1" entering production, marking China's entry into the global first tier of deep-sea oil and gas development [10][11] Corporate Landscape - Major companies in the deep-sea resource development sector include China National Offshore Oil Corporation, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, and others, forming a comprehensive ecosystem from resource development to equipment manufacturing [13][14] - The industry is characterized by a full-chain ecosystem that integrates resource development, equipment manufacturing, technological innovation, and regional collaboration [13][14] Future Trends - The industry is expected to evolve towards technological integration and intelligence, with AI and quantum sensing driving automation and efficiency in exploration and extraction processes [15][16] - Environmental sustainability will become a core focus, with the adoption of eco-friendly technologies and the establishment of monitoring systems to minimize ecological impact [16][17] - Expansion into ultra-deepwater and polar regions will reshape the competitive landscape, necessitating international cooperation and standard-setting to address high costs and technical challenges [17][18]

Core Viewpoint - The report from GF Securities indicates that under the guidance of the marine power strategy, corresponding policies are expected to be introduced to promote the development of the deep-sea economy, focusing on areas such as deep-sea mining, deep-sea oil and gas development, and the utilization of deep-sea biological resources [1] Group 1: Deep-Sea Resource Development - Deep-sea resource development has become economically viable from an industrialization perspective [1] - The current value of deep-sea mineral extraction is led by seabed oil and natural gas, followed by coastal sand mines, including materials like sand and stone for construction, and tin sand [1] - The high economic and strategic value of deep-sea mineral resources positions deep-sea mining as a significant direction for deep-sea resource development [1]