周振鹤 《职方辨九州：两宋政治地理研究》，余蔚著，社会科学文献出版社出版 （作者为复旦大学文科资深教授。本文标题为编者所加） 《职方辨九州：两宋政治地理研究》的作者余蔚所选择的宋代，是一个很合适的时代。东汉以后发展起 来的三级制，在隋朝恢复为二级制，二百余州的基盘，猛然收束到朝廷，后者对地方的管理难度很大， 因此重新增加一个层级，势所难免。回归三级制的过程很长，两宋三百余年在其中处于关键位置。不同 于以往的三级制，两宋高层政区多个机构的并立分权，以及新产生的几类机构作为代管者介入朝廷与部 分高层政区之间，导致由朝廷到县的管理体制，以空前绝后的复杂模式展开。通常情况下我们会注意到 的影响政区和行政机构设置的因素，在两宋基本都有体现。这个时代的制度构架，最充分、最细腻地勾 画出不同权力主体之间的关系。这是宋代地方行政制度研究的特殊意义所在，给作者由制度到运作、结 构研究的逐层推进提供了巨大空间。 宋代政区已有专门研究，余蔚避开了较为成熟的统县、县级政区建置沿革问题，而把论述重点放在职权 与关系上。他尤其关注高层政区以及层级更在其上的准政区，和相应的机构，因为这些处在朝廷与地方 权力流动的关键位置，并由此提出很有启 ...

Core Viewpoint - The launch of the "New Compilation of Shanghai Historical Atlas" marks a significant advancement in documenting the historical and geographical changes of Shanghai, with the first draft completed and set for publication in 2027 [1][4]. Group 1: Project Overview - The "New Compilation of Shanghai Historical Atlas" is a scholarly project initiated in 2016, led by a research team of nearly thirty members under Professor Zhou Zhenhe from Fudan University [1]. - The atlas aims to systematically summarize the historical geographical changes of Shanghai from pre-Qin to the late Qing Dynasty, featuring around 300 thematic maps across 11 sections [3]. Group 2: Historical Context and Significance - Shanghai has a rich historical background and has undergone rapid development, especially since the 20th century, making the documentation of its historical progress through maps both academically significant and socially valuable [2]. - The project builds on a long-standing tradition of historical mapping in China, with previous works like the "Chinese Historical Atlas" published in the 1980s [1]. Group 3: Research Challenges and Innovations - Researching Shanghai's historical geography presents challenges, such as changes in coastal and riverine landscapes, particularly regarding Chongming Island and the internal dynamics of the concessions [2]. - The new atlas will include extensive research findings on the transformations of the Wusong River, Huangpu River, and Yangtze River estuary, showcasing the evolution of urban landscapes before and after the opening of the port [3]. Group 4: Cultural and Academic Impact - The atlas serves as a crucial piece in the puzzle of historical maps for provincial administrative regions in China, reflecting both the natural and cultural transformations of Shanghai [4]. - The project is described as not only an academic endeavor but also a cultural and foundational project, emphasizing the importance of presenting Shanghai's historical spatial evolution in a scientific and systematic manner [4].

Core Viewpoint - The revision of the "China Historical Atlas," initiated under the leadership of the late historian Tan Qixian, aims to update this essential scholarly resource, reflecting advancements in historical geography, archaeology, and related fields since its first publication in 1982 [1]. Group 1: Project Overview - The revision work of the "China Historical Atlas" has been launched in Shanghai and is expected to take ten years to complete [1]. - The project will utilize the latest national basic geographic information data as a base map for rigorous verification and supplementation [1]. Group 2: Content Enhancements - The updated atlas will include new content related to the origins of early Chinese civilization and a volume on the "Republic of China period" [1]. - The project aims to create an intelligent platform to offer an online version of the atlas [1]. Group 3: Academic and Educational Goals - Fudan University will treat this revision as a leading project to strengthen the construction of new liberal arts, aiming to produce high-quality academic and educational outcomes [1]. - The initiative emphasizes a rigorous academic attitude and innovative spirit to create a work that honors the past, the present, and the nation [1].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the dedication and challenges faced by Tan Qixian in leading the compilation of the "National Historical Atlas of the People's Republic of China," emphasizing his commitment to producing a comprehensive and high-quality historical map despite significant obstacles [2][3][4][5]. Group 1: Project Initiation and Leadership - In 1982, Tan Qixian was appointed as the chief editor for the "National Historical Atlas" project, which was a significant undertaking after the previous project was halted in the 1960s [2]. - The first committee meeting for the atlas was held on December 14, 1982, with Tan Qixian proposing the editorial plan and setting the groundwork for the project [2]. Group 2: Challenges Faced - The project faced severe funding shortages, with the government providing minimal financial support, which was insufficient to cover even basic expenses [3]. - The compilation team consisted of many professionals who were also engaged in other research and teaching responsibilities, making it difficult to focus solely on the atlas [3]. Group 3: Quality Control and Commitment - Tan Qixian personally drafted most of the project outlines and worked diligently to ensure the quality of the maps, often revising and reviewing the work himself [4]. - Despite his declining health, Tan expressed a strong desire to see the completion of the atlas, viewing it as a significant contribution to the country and academia [5][7]. Group 4: Progress and Completion - After overcoming various challenges, the first volume of the atlas was published in 2012, with subsequent volumes nearing completion [7]. - The atlas is expected to consist of over a thousand maps across three large volumes, marking a significant achievement in historical geography [7].

Core Viewpoint - The revision of the "Tan Map," a historical atlas of China, is essential and urgent due to its outdated content and accuracy, marking 70 years since its initial compilation [1] Group 1: Revision Necessity - The "Tan Map" has provided reliable historical references for national administrative adjustments and governance in border and ethnic regions since its publication in 1987 [1] - The revision will address historical inaccuracies in place names and administrative boundaries, with a systematic error correction expected to be completed in about five years [1] Group 2: Revision Plan - The new version of the "Tan Map" will take ten years to complete, involving comprehensive updates, data accuracy improvements, and content additions [1] - The revision will utilize the latest national geographic information data as a base map to ensure accurate historical comparisons [1] Group 3: Technological Integration - The revision will incorporate advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and geographic information systems (GIS) to create a "China National Historical Geographic Information Service Platform" [2] - This platform will allow for dynamic updates of map content, overcoming the limitations of traditional static maps, and will facilitate the integration of new academic findings and archaeological discoveries [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article reflects on the author's journey in the field of historical geography, emphasizing the influence of mentor Tan Qixian and the importance of rigorous academic standards and self-criticism in scholarly work [2][3][4]. Group 1: Academic Journey - The author initially had a limited understanding of historical geography but developed a strong interest during graduate studies at Fudan University under Tan Qixian's guidance [1][4]. - The opportunity to assist Tan Qixian provided the author with unique insights into both the academic process and the character of a respected scholar [2][3]. - The author's early research focused on population studies, leading to significant contributions in the field, including a master's thesis and a doctoral dissertation on Western Han population geography [4][5]. Group 2: Scholarly Contributions - The author published "A History of Chinese Population Development" in 1991, which had a substantial impact on the academic community and was widely recognized [5]. - The collaborative work on the multi-volume "History of Chinese Population" and "History of Chinese Immigration" further established the author's reputation in the field [5][6]. - The author played a key role in the compilation of the "Historical Atlas of China," which was a significant national project aimed at documenting historical geography [6][7]. Group 3: Philosophical Insights - The article discusses the dual themes of human interaction with nature and the evolution of human values as central to historical geography research [8]. - The author argues that understanding the relationship between geography and human civilization is crucial for historical geography, with an emphasis on the need for interdisciplinary approaches [8]. - The future of historical geography is seen as a blend of natural and humanistic elements, with the potential for new breakthroughs in understanding climate changes and human history [8].