制作 年代 ●三星堆遗址三号、 四号、六号、八号祭祀 坑埋藏年代有95.4% 的概率处于公元前 1201 年至公元前 1012 年,相当于商代晚期 铜器 彩绘 祭祀坑 研究显示，三星堆的黄金熔炼技术十分娴熟。马燕如说，从出土文物看，金质文物主要呈现为片材应用，包括金面具、鸟形饰、鱼形饰、扣边器等，均 通过锤鍱、裁切、镂刻（脱錾）完成造型，以划刻、錾刻手法做表面装饰，充分利用了金银的柔韧、延展性完成其包、镶的装饰目的，"足以证明古蜀人已 完全了解金银材质延展性的物理特性。" 马燕如介绍，三星堆金质文物的意义远超贵金属器物本身，实证了长江上游曾存在一个高度发达的区域文明中心，印证了中华文明"多元一体、满天星 斗"的起源格局，是探索长江上游文明乃至中华文明多元一体起源的关键物证。"古蜀国的黄金冶金加工技术，将中国早期黄金文明的历史提前至商周时期。 无论是从黄金用量，还是从制作工艺的复杂程度看，三星堆的金质文物制作水平都代表了早期中国贵金属工艺的巅峰。" 将中国彩绘青铜器出现时间提前近千年 三星堆出土的青铜器中，有部分施有彩绘。四川省文物考古研究院在站博士后刘百舸介绍，过去通常认为，中国彩绘青铜器多见于战国、秦汉时期 ...

Core Insights - The latest multidisciplinary research results from the Sanxingdui site have been released by the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, focusing on the dating of sacrificial pits, unique bronze casting techniques, and new findings in gold and copper artifacts [1][3]. Group 1: Dating of Sacrificial Pits - The dating of the sacrificial pits has been confirmed to the late Shang Dynasty, with a 95.4% probability that pits No. 3, 4, 6, and 8 date between 1201 BC and 1012 BC [5][9]. - The precise dating is significant for understanding the evolution of ancient Shu civilization and its integration into the broader Chinese cultural context [9][3]. - The research utilized carbon-14 dating, with a focus on bamboo charcoal for more accurate results, pinpointing the date to around 1100 BC, approximately 3100 years ago [7][5]. Group 2: Bronze Casting Techniques - The "core-bone and strip core support" technique has been identified as a significant innovation in large bronze casting, marking its first systematic confirmation in domestic archaeological contexts [13][11]. - This technique is compared to the traditional model method used in ancient Chinese bronze casting, showcasing unique local adaptations that contributed to a distinctive bronze culture [15][11]. - The research indicates that the bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui were created using a combination of casting methods, including split casting, which reflects a sophisticated technological system [13][15]. Group 3: Gold and Copper Artifacts - The research confirms that the painted bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui are among the earliest known lacquered copper wares in China, establishing a cultural link between the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites [19][17]. - Analysis of the gold artifacts indicates that over 2 kilograms of gold were used, employing advanced refining techniques [19][17]. - The findings suggest that the ancient Shu people had developed intensive wetland rice agriculture and standardized pottery production by the late Shang Dynasty, indicating a prosperous society [19][17]. Group 4: Historical Context and Cultural Evolution - The Sanxingdui site represents a long-lasting and extensive archaeological site, encompassing multiple cultural phases, including Baodun, Sanxingdui, and Shierqiao cultures, with significant developmental relationships among them [22][23]. - The Baodun culture period saw the construction of city walls due to resource competition, leading to a landscape of competing settlements [22][23]. - The transition of Sanxingdui from a central state capital to a regular city involved conflicts over capital status, resulting in significant changes to the urban structure and religious practices [23][22].

Core Insights - The latest research from the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology reveals significant findings regarding the Sanxingdui site, including the dating of sacrificial pits and advancements in bronze and gold artifact production techniques [1][3][18]. Group 1: Dating of Sacrificial Pits - The dating of the sacrificial pits has been confirmed to the late Shang Dynasty, with a 95.4% probability that the burial dates range from 1201 BC to 1012 BC [5][10]. - The use of carbon-14 dating, particularly from selected bamboo charcoal, has provided a more precise dating, pinpointing it to around 1100 BC, approximately 3100 years ago [7][10]. - The discovery of cross-pit matching artifacts is crucial for understanding the chronological relationship and nature of the sacrificial pits, confirming they were buried during the same period [9]. Group 2: Bronze Casting Techniques - The "core-bone strip support" technique has been identified as a significant innovation in bronze casting, marking a unique aspect of Sanxingdui's craftsmanship [11][13]. - This technique allows for the creation of complex and large bronze artifacts, showcasing a distinct approach compared to the traditional mold casting methods used in other regions during the same period [15]. - The research indicates that the bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui represent a sophisticated casting technology that integrates multiple methods, including core casting and forging [13]. Group 3: Gold and Painted Bronze Artifacts - The research confirms that the painted bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui are among the earliest known lacquered copper wares in China, utilizing cinnabar and lacquer, establishing a cultural link between Sanxingdui and the Jinsha site [20]. - Analysis of the gold artifacts indicates that over 2 kilograms of gold were used, employing advanced techniques such as the "cupellation" method for purifying gold [20]. - The findings suggest that as early as the late Shang Dynasty, the ancient Shu people had developed intensive wetland rice agriculture and standardized pottery production, reflecting a prosperous society [20]. Group 4: Historical Context and Cultural Significance - The Sanxingdui site represents a long-lasting and extensive archaeological site, encompassing multiple cultural phases, including Baodun, Sanxingdui, and Shierqiao cultures, with significant developmental relationships among them [23]. - The site experienced internal conflicts that led to the decline of its status as a central city, with evidence of warfare impacting its religious and social structures [24]. - The research highlights the interconnectedness of ancient Shu civilization with the Central Plains, emphasizing its role as a vital component of the diverse and unified Chinese civilization [17].

今天（27日），以"考古学视野下的文明互鉴"为主题的2025三星堆论坛在四川德阳开幕。论坛期间， 四川省文物考古研究院发布了七项三 星堆遗址多学科研究最新成果， 进一步明确祭祀坑埋藏年代为商代晚期，首次发布青铜器铸造中独特的"芯骨—条形芯撑"技术，为揭示中 华文明多元一体提供了有力实证。 多个多学科研究取得重要发现 除了上述两项研究进展外，三星堆遗址出土金器制作技术、铜器彩绘工艺、陶器生产标准化、水稻耕种方式、象牙保护技术等5个方面的多 学科研究也有重要发现。 三星堆遗址祭祀坑精确年代 | | | 经四川省文物考古研究院和北京大学联合研究，通过碳十四年代测定，三号、四号、六号、八号祭祀坑埋藏年代有95.4%的概率处于公元前 1201年至公元前1012年，相当于商代晚期。一、二、三、四、七、八号坑中发现可拼对的同一器物残片，表明埋藏年代相同。该成果为厘 清祭祀坑年代和构建遗址精细年代框架提供了重要依据。 三星堆青铜器创新铸造技术 经四川省文物考古研究院、故宫博物院、北京科技大学与英国剑桥李约瑟研究所的联合研究，对青铜器铸造工艺有了新的认识。研究显示， 三星堆青铜器在商代晚期形成以分铸为核心，兼用浑铸、锻造的创新 ...

今天（27日），以"考古学视野下的文明互鉴"为主题的2025三星堆论坛在四川德阳开幕。论坛期间，四川省文物考古研究院发布了七项三星堆遗址多学科研 究最新成果，进一步明确祭祀坑埋藏年代为商代晚期，首次发布青铜器铸造中独特的"芯骨—条形芯撑"技术，为揭示中华文明多元一体提供了有力实证。 三星堆遗址祭祀坑精确年代 除了上述两项研究进展外，三星堆遗址出土金器制作技术、铜器彩绘工艺、陶器生产标准化、水稻耕种方式、象牙保护技术等5个方面的多学科研究也有重 要发现。 经四川省文物考古研究院和北京大学联合研究，通过碳十四年代测定，三号、四号、六号、八号祭祀坑埋藏年代有95.4%的概率处于公元前1201年至公元前 1012年，相当于商代晚期。一、二、三、四、七、八号坑中发现可拼对的同一器物残片，表明埋藏年代相同。该成果为厘清祭祀坑年代和构建遗址精细年代 框架提供了重要依据。 三星堆青铜器创新铸造技术 多个多学科研究取得重要发现 经四川省文物考古研究院、故宫博物院、北京科技大学与英国剑桥李约瑟研究所的联合研究，对青铜器铸造工艺有了新的认识。研究显示，三星堆青铜器在 商代晚期形成以分铸为核心，兼用浑铸、锻造的创新铸造技术体系。独特 ...