（来源：衢州日报） 姑蔑人的举族南迁，不是简单的地理位移，而是文明属性的重塑。剥开历经风霜的封土，是早已封闭的 一条条墓道，长眠于此的人早已化成土，留下那些被岁月尘封了三十多个世纪的老陶器、原始瓷、古铜 器和老玉饰，在考古人的细心呵护下，它们开始一一重见天日。一块质地粗糙的老陶片，带着时光的温 度，见证着姑蔑人的生活日常：炊烟袅袅的茅草屋旁，妇人们正用它盛放谷物；篝火熊熊的台地上，男 女老少正围着它祭祀祈福。商周是奴隶制向封建制过渡、文化符号蜕变为甲骨文的特殊时代，在新石器 时代的生产力条件下，能做出如此精细的器物，足见姑蔑人的智慧与技艺。 在这里，还有一座高等级的墓葬，墓室采用两面坡"人字形"结构，这种之前仅在越王勾践父亲允常的印 山越国王陵中出现过的最高等级葬制，首次出现在浙西地区，暗示着墓主人非同寻常的身份。随葬品是 数百件青铜器、玉石器，还有一套造型精美的青铜车马器。这些长江以南地区出土数量最多的西周车马 器，包括銮铃、车軎、车辖等构件，其纹饰中的夔龙纹与陕西长安西周墓器物如出一辙，又在细节处融 入越地特色，它们比秦始皇陵的铜车马早五百多年，是中原礼制传入南方的直接证据。在多山多水的浙 西地区，《越绝 ...

PH 7776 c 30 转自：国家民委 D (@ r e D 那些刻入时光的 民族文化印记 当2025年的日历翻过最后一页，回首这一年，那些文化光影里的瞬间仍在心头温热。 这一年，民族文化根植沃土、"破壁"生长，"国潮"美学融入寻常烟火，千年智慧以轻盈姿态滋养当代心灵；这一年，"村晚""村T""村BA"拓展百姓舞 台，"苏超""蒙超""滇超"激情四溢，时代气象与中国活力同频共振；这一年，西夏陵列入《世界遗产名录》，赫哲族伊玛堪实现转入人类非物质文化遗产 代表作名录和入选优秀保护实践名册的双重成功，中国正以更加从容的姿态，迈入与世界深入对话的新阶段。 "2025年，那些刻入时光的民族文化印记"年终盘点专题，聚焦文博、文学、文旅、非遗、影视等领域，邀请专家学者解读一年来的文化热点，与读者共同 见证我国文化事业的繁荣发展，共同感受日益增强的文化认同与文化自信。 ——编者 l and 0 p w 0 e ically and 【文博篇】 以物识互鉴 答"何以中华" □ 郑茜 2025年，中国边疆考古工作呈现出成果密集涌现的态势，一件件新物证从地层中显露，不断刷新着对中华文明起源、形成与发展的认知，推进了对中华民 族 ...

由北京市文物局主办的临时展览"海昏侯：身历王帝民侯，墓藏大汉风云"，从16日起，在北京城市副中心路县故城遗址博物馆对公众开放。作为路县故城遗 址公园开放半年以来的首个主题临展，此次展览携108件/套海昏侯墓文物展品重磅亮相，以"南侯国—北郡县"跨地域对照视角，首次系统解读汉代郡国并行 制度的深层逻辑，为城市副中心再添重磅文化盛宴。展览对公众开放的时间为12月16日起至2026年3月15日。观众可在博物馆临时展厅近距离领略海昏侯墓 葬出土的金器、玉器、青铜器等多类精品文物展品的魅力。 本次展览以"南侯国（海昏侯国）"与"北郡县（路县故城）"同时代、跨地域、在地性的遗址对照为核心创新点。海昏侯国，作为西汉列侯封国，紫金城都城 格局完整，刘贺墓出土的金器、礼器、儒家典籍，尽显列侯自治的特权与文化风貌。而路县故城，作为中央直辖郡县，城址规整，出土多为民用陶器。展览 共分为"海昏侯国""郡国集权""汉风生活""守望文明"四个单元，展览紧扣刘贺"王—帝—民—侯"的跌宕人生主线，构建"中央—地方"的叙事框架，通过文物 实证清晰还原汉代中央集权制度下的郡国并行制度，生动诠释中华文明"多元一体"的深层脉络。 展览亮点纷呈，自2 ...

"最早的汉字雏形" 可以追溯到什么时候？ 4000多年前的陶寺先民 把"答案"写在了这件残破陶器上 今天带你一起认识它 4000多年前的 "文"字长啥样？ 1984年，朱书扁壶 在山西襄汾陶寺遗址出土 这个扁壶是陶寺遗址常见的汲水用陶器 造型基本特征 1.口部和腹部均呈一面鼓凸 另一面扁平或微凹，以利入水 2.颈或口部设泥銴，便于系绳 3.纯手工制作，质地为泥质灰陶 令人惊喜的是 扁陶壶上用朱砂写着两个醒目的字符 文字呈朱红色，有笔锋 推测应该是用毛笔类工具书写的 其中一个能被清晰识读 △甲骨文中的"文"字 且无论字形还是结构 都与当代汉字"文"完全一致 专家基本确认它为"文"字 该字符书写于4000多年前的陶寺文化晚期 早于殷墟甲骨文约800年 证明在夏代之前 黄河中游地区已经存在系统化的 文字符号体系 形状酷似甲骨文中的"文"字 朱书扁壶上 还藏着一个"千年谜题" 除了"文"字 朱书扁陶壶上还有一个字符 由一个带角的圆、一横 和一个似跪坐人形的符号组成 目前学界对它还未形成一致解读 中国社会科学院学部委员冯时认为 是城邑的"邑"字 两个字组成"文邑" "文邑"是个地名 甲骨文中有"文邑受禾"卜辞 意思是商 ...

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Evidence of the Dian Kingdom - Special Exhibition of Ancient Dian Civilization" showcases over 200 artifacts, highlighting the archaeological achievements of Dian culture over the past 70 years, and emphasizes the integration of the ancient Dian Kingdom into Chinese civilization [1][3][5]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition is a collaboration between the China Maritime Museum and the Yunnan Provincial Museum, marking the first comprehensive display of ancient Dian archaeological findings in Shanghai [1]. - It features five thematic sections: "Lost and Reappeared," "Dian Soil and People," "Deities and the World," "Conflict and Fusion," and "Dian Soul and Han Style," centered around the "Dian King Seal" [1][3]. Group 2: Artifacts and Their Significance - The exhibition includes 200 artifacts, with 29 first-class cultural relics, and over 70% of the items being precious artifacts, many of which are displayed in Shanghai for the first time [3]. - Notable artifacts include the "Dian King Seal," which serves as crucial evidence of the existence of the Dian Kingdom, and the "Dian State Seal" clay seal, marking the first appearance of "Dian State" in archaeological finds [5][9]. Group 3: Cultural Insights - The artifacts reflect the unique characteristics of Dian bronze civilization, showcasing advanced casting techniques and a rich representation of social life, including religious rituals and daily activities [19][20]. - The exhibition illustrates the artistic fusion between the local Dian culture and Han culture, as seen in items like the copper kettle with peacock motifs and the gold-plated dance ornaments [14][15]. Group 4: Exhibition Experience - The exhibition employs various multimedia techniques, including sound, light projections, and interactive displays, to enhance visitor engagement and understanding of the ancient Dian civilization [31].

Core Insights - The recent findings from the Sanxingdui site reveal that the painted bronze artifacts date back nearly a thousand years earlier than previously thought, indicating a more vibrant and colorful ancient civilization in China [2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology announced that the bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui feature a significant amount of colorful painting, which challenges the traditional view of bronze artifacts from the Shang and Zhou dynasties being primarily green due to oxidation [2][3]. - The research indicates that the bronze artifacts were originally a brilliant gold color, referred to as "Ji Jin" in ancient texts, and were used in rituals to communicate with deities [3][4]. - The analysis revealed that the colors black and red were predominantly used, with black often found on facial features of bronze figures and red on decorative elements of the bronze tree and vessels [3][4]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - The use of black and red colors in the artifacts reflects their special status in Zhou dynasty rituals, symbolizing the connection between heaven and humanity, and representing auspiciousness and stability [4]. - The craftsmanship involved in creating these painted artifacts showcases advanced techniques, filling a gap in the understanding of painting art during the bronze age in China [4]. - The findings contribute to the understanding of the Sanxingdui culture as a significant part of the diverse and unified Chinese civilization, highlighting its connections with the Central Plains culture [4].

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Sanxingdui Forum, themed "Civilization Mutual Learning from an Archaeological Perspective," highlighted significant multidisciplinary research findings from the Sanxingdui site, confirming the sacrificial pits' dating to the late Shang Dynasty and introducing unique bronze casting techniques that contribute to understanding the diversity and unity of Chinese civilization [1][4][6]. Group 1: Dating of Sacrificial Pits - The sacrificial pits No. 3, 4, 6, and 8 have a 95.4% probability of dating between 1201 BC and 1012 BC, corresponding to the late Shang Dynasty [4]. - The discovery of matching fragments from pits No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 indicates they were buried around the same time, providing crucial evidence for establishing a detailed chronological framework for the site [4]. Group 2: Bronze Casting Innovations - Research indicates that the bronze casting technology at Sanxingdui during the late Shang Dynasty was characterized by a core technique of "core-bone—strip core support," effectively addressing the challenges of forming slender and curved objects [6][7]. - This innovation reflects unique technical advancements and local expressions within the existing technological framework, enhancing the understanding of ancient Chinese bronze casting systems and the mechanisms of cultural exchange in bronze technology [7]. Group 3: Multidisciplinary Research Findings - Significant findings include the estimated use of over 2 kilograms of gold at the Sanxingdui site, with gold artifacts made from gold-silver alloys, likely sourced from stable placer gold mines and refined using the cupellation method [10]. - The painted bronze artifacts utilized cinnabar and lacquer, representing the earliest known copper-lacquered items in China, revealing a close connection between the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites through lacquer technology [10]. - The standardization trends in pottery, particularly in the Shang Dynasty, indicate a shift towards more uniform shapes and sizes, supporting the rise of a high-density population reliant on intensive wetland rice agriculture [11]. - Research on ivory artifacts led to the development of preservation techniques, ensuring that excavated ivory can be maintained and displayed in regular environments [11]. Group 4: Future Research Directions - The Sanxingdui site will continue to advance archaeological excavations, artifact preservation, and multidisciplinary research to explore unknown aspects and reveal origins, aiming to showcase the brilliance of ancient Shu civilization and the diverse unity of Chinese civilization [13].

Core Insights - The 2025 Sanxingdui Forum, themed "Civilizational Mutual Learning from an Archaeological Perspective," opened in Deyang, Sichuan, showcasing significant archaeological findings from the Sanxingdui site [1] Group 1: Dating of Ritual Pits - The Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Peking University conducted radiocarbon dating, revealing that the burial dates of ritual pits No. 3, 4, 6, and 8 have a 95.4% probability of being between 1201 BC and 1012 BC, corresponding to the late Shang Dynasty [6] - The discovery of matching fragments of the same artifacts in pits No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 indicates that these pits were buried around the same time, providing crucial evidence for clarifying the dating of the ritual pits and constructing a detailed chronological framework for the site [6] Group 2: Innovations in Bronze Casting Technology - Joint research by the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the Palace Museum, Beijing University of Science and Technology, and the Cambridge Joseph Needham Research Institute has led to new insights into bronze casting techniques, revealing that the Sanxingdui bronze artifacts utilized an innovative casting technology system centered on "parting casting," alongside "whole casting" and forging [7] - The unique "core-bone—strip core support" technique effectively addressed the challenges of forming slender and curved artifacts, showcasing distinctive technological innovation and local expression within the existing technological framework [7] Group 3: Multidisciplinary Research Findings - Additional significant findings from the Sanxingdui site include advancements in gold artifact production technology, copper artifact painting techniques, standardized pottery production, rice cultivation methods, and ivory preservation techniques [9] - The estimated gold usage at the Sanxingdui site exceeds 2 kilograms, making it unparalleled in China during the same period, with gold artifacts being made from gold-silver alloys likely sourced from stable placer gold mines [9] - The painted bronze artifacts from Sanxingdui utilized cinnabar and lacquer, representing the earliest copper-lacquered artifacts in China, revealing a close connection between the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites through lacquer technology [9] - The pottery from the late Shang Dynasty shows significant changes in the quantity and particle size of the raw materials, with a trend towards higher standardization in the proportions and rim shapes of the vessels [9] - Early ancient Shu inhabitants established an intensive wetland rice agriculture system, which supported a high-density population and contributed to the rapid rise of the Sanxingdui site [9] - Research on the preservation status, diseases, and degradation mechanisms of excavated ivory has led to the development of on-site preservation and dehydration reinforcement techniques, allowing for the preservation and display of excavated ivory in conventional environments [9] Group 4: Future Directions - The Sanxingdui site will continue to advance archaeological excavations, cultural relic protection, and multidisciplinary research, aiming to explore the unknown, reveal origins, and effectively interpret and present the archaeological achievements of the Sanxingdui site, showcasing the brilliant ancient Shu civilization and the diverse unity of Chinese civilization [11]

Core Points - The archaeological discoveries in the Hot Water Tomb Group in Qinghai Province are crucial for understanding the historical significance of the Silk Road Qinghai Road, revealing its role as a vital transportation and trade route during the 4th to 7th centuries [12][13][18] - The findings from the 2018 Blood Wei No. 1 Tomb, including a silver seal linked to the identity of the tomb owner as the King of Tuyuhun, provide significant evidence for the relationships between the Tang Dynasty and the Tuyuhun Kingdom [18][19] - Ongoing archaeological work in the region aims to uncover more about the cultural exchanges and interactions among various ethnic groups along the Silk Road, contributing to a deeper understanding of the multi-ethnic integration in Chinese civilization [14][25][26] Archaeological Discoveries - The Hot Water Tomb Group is located in the Dulan County of Qinghai Province, with an elevation between 3,400 to 3,500 meters, and has been a site of significant archaeological interest since the 1980s [10][16] - Recent excavations have revealed a wealth of artifacts, including gold and silver items, textiles, and leather goods, which are essential for studying the cultural exchanges along the Silk Road [18][19] - The Summer Yama Kebu site has also been identified as a significant archaeological site, showcasing a large prehistoric burial ground and residential area, further emphasizing the area's historical importance [21][22] Academic Collaboration - The archaeological efforts are supported by collaboration among various research institutions, including the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and local archaeological institutes, enhancing the depth and breadth of the research [11][13][24] - The integration of multidisciplinary approaches in the excavation of the 2018 Blood Wei No. 1 Tomb exemplifies the collaborative nature of modern archaeological practices [23][24] - Ongoing academic exchanges and conferences are facilitating the sharing of findings and methodologies among scholars, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the Silk Road's historical context [12][14]

Core Insights - The discovery of the "Gari Tang Qin Inscription" in Maduo County, Qinghai Province, is significant as it is the only known Qin Dynasty inscription that remains at its original site and is located at the highest altitude [3][4][6] - The inscription, dating back over 2200 years, provides historical evidence of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's expedition to Kunlun Mountain in search of medicinal herbs, thus enriching the narrative of Chinese civilization [4][5][6] Summary by Sections Discovery and Significance - The "Gari Tang Qin Inscription" was first discovered by a research team led by Professor Hou Guangliang on July 5, 2020, near the source of the Yellow River [4] - The inscription consists of 12 lines and 36 characters, written in Qin seal script, detailing an official mission to Kunlun Mountain [4][5] - This finding is unique as it is the only Qin inscription found in situ and at the highest elevation, surpassing previously known inscriptions [6] Historical Context - The inscription records an official mission to seek out the legendary medicinal properties of Kunlun Mountain, as referenced in ancient texts like "Shan Hai Jing" [5][10] - Scholars believe that the quest for longevity and the mythical aspects of Kunlun have deep cultural significance in Chinese history [10] Technological Analysis - The National Cultural Heritage Administration employed advanced scientific methods to authenticate the inscription, ensuring it was not a modern forgery [7][9] - High-precision information enhancement technology was used to digitally capture the inscription without damaging it, confirming its authenticity through detailed analysis [7][9] Cultural Impact - The inscription has reignited discussions about the geographical and cultural significance of Kunlun in Chinese heritage, linking it to various myths and historical narratives [10] - Experts emphasize the importance of further research to explore the implications of this discovery on understanding the governance and exploration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Qin and Han dynasties [11]