Group 1: Market Overview - Amazon's second-hand sales in the UK and Europe are projected to exceed €2 billion in 2024, with over 740 million items circulating in the European second-hand market [2] - The European second-hand e-commerce market has reached €21.6 billion, with over two-thirds of consumers having purchased second-hand goods, expected to grow to €23.8 billion by the end of 2025 [2] - Germany shows the highest willingness to purchase second-hand goods, with a transaction volume of €6.5 billion in the past year, while the UK's online second-hand market reached £4.3 billion [2] Group 2: Development Stages - The development of the European second-hand e-commerce platform can be divided into three phases: the inception around 2010, expansion from 2015 to 2020, and peak growth from 2021 to 2024 [3] - The first phase saw the emergence of key platforms like Vinted, Vestiaire Collective, and Depop, focusing on fashion, luxury goods, and vintage clothing [4][5][6] - The second phase was characterized by the expansion of established platforms and the rise of new entrants, with significant financing activity [9][10] Group 3: Key Players - Vinted, founded in 2008, has become a leading platform with a valuation of €5 billion in 2024, achieving a GMV of $12.5 billion and over 65 million registered users [15][18] - Vestiaire Collective, established in 2009, has a valuation of €1.1 billion as of 2023 and has expanded into multiple markets [16][18] - Depop, launched in 2011, was acquired by Etsy for $1.63 billion in 2021 and has over 35 million users [16][18] Group 4: Market Trends - The second-hand clothing market in Europe is projected to grow from approximately $17.425 billion in 2023 to $43.12 billion by 2032, with a CAGR of 10.52% [14] - The second-hand electronics market is also expanding, with platforms like Back Market and Swappie gaining traction [17][18] - Major players like Amazon, eBay, and TikTok Shop are increasingly entering the second-hand market, indicating a competitive landscape [24][25][26] Group 5: Amazon's Strategy - Amazon has launched initiatives like Amazon Warehouse and Amazon Renewed to facilitate the sale of second-hand goods, with sales in the UK exceeding 4 million items in 2022 [19][22] - In 2024, Amazon's second-hand sales in Europe and the UK surpassed €2 billion, reflecting a growing demand for refurbished and second-hand products [23] - Amazon's entry into the second-hand car market is planned for 2025, further diversifying its offerings [21]