Core Viewpoint - In 2025, the focus of competition in China's automotive industry shifts fundamentally from domestic market share battles to comprehensive competition on the global stage, centered around technology, systems, and regulations [1] Group 1: Order Restoration - A "revolution of order" is underway in the Chinese automotive industry, as a corrective governance action is launched to address the detrimental effects of endless price wars [2] - The average profit margin in the industry has dropped to around 4%, prompting the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to take measures against "involution" competition [3] Group 2: Supply Chain Stability - A collective commitment by 17 automakers to limit payment terms to suppliers to 60 days aims to stabilize the supply chain and improve the financial health of component manufacturers [4] - This initiative is expected to create a fair and sustainable ecosystem, although the execution and supervision of this commitment pose significant challenges [4] Group 3: Export Regulation - The phenomenon of "zero-kilometer used cars" is being regulated, as some automakers have been exporting unsold new cars as used vehicles, disrupting local markets [5][6] - New regulations require that vehicles exported as "used cars" must provide after-sales service commitments and parts supply guarantees, closing loopholes for low-quality exports [6] Group 4: Intelligent Driving - The Chinese automotive industry is entering a new phase of intelligent driving, transitioning from demonstration to large-scale application and regulatory commercialization [7] - The penetration rate of L2-level advanced driver assistance systems in new cars reached approximately 64% by Q3 2025, enhancing consumer experience and data accumulation for algorithm improvement [8] Group 5: Advanced Driving Levels - The first batch of L3-level conditional autonomous driving vehicles has been approved for trial operation in designated areas, marking a significant legal milestone [9] - L3-level driving allows the system to take full control under specific conditions, establishing a clear responsibility framework for automakers [9] Group 6: Urban Navigation - The competition in intelligent driving is shifting focus from highways to complex urban environments, with "City NOA" becoming a key measure of technological capability [10] - Companies are investing heavily in R&D and data capabilities to enhance urban driving experiences, although challenges related to data compliance and privacy remain [10] Group 7: Battery Technology - Innovations in battery and charging technologies are addressing core concerns of electric vehicle range and charging anxiety [11] - Solid-state batteries are on a clear industrialization path, with major automakers announcing production timelines and breakthroughs in technology [12] Group 8: Fast Charging - The introduction of megawatt-level ultra-fast charging technology has transformed the charging experience, with significant advancements in charging power and infrastructure development [14] - National policies are encouraging the establishment of high-power charging facilities, aiming for over 100,000 units by the end of 2027 [14] Group 9: Globalization and Investment - The Chinese automotive industry is transitioning from being a global manufacturing hub to becoming an innovator and investor on the world stage [15] - Localized production bases are being established in international markets, such as BYD's plant in Brazil and NIO's energy factory in Hungary, enhancing responsiveness to regional demands [16] Group 10: Capital Market Engagement - A wave of listings focused on globalization is occurring, with companies like Chery and Seres raising significant capital through IPOs, indicating strong investor confidence [17] - These listings not only provide funding but also validate the companies' brand value and global strategies in the eyes of international investors [17]

若说过去十年是移动互联网重塑生活的黄金期，未来十年，自动驾驶必将成为改写人类出行逻辑的核心 力量。 从科技巨头到传统车企，再到资本市场的敏锐玩家，都清楚这不仅是技术革新，更是对万亿级市场蛋糕 的激烈角逐。 如今FSDV12已实现"端到端决策"，无需依赖预设规则，直接输出驾驶指令，复杂场景应对能力显著提 升。但短板也突出：暴雨、大雾、强光等场景下，摄像头感知精度易受影响。 技术路线之争：两条路径的较量与进化 如今试驾主流新能源车，L2+级辅助驾驶已不新鲜：自动跟车、车道保持、高速领航，部分车型甚至能 实现城市道路自主变道。 2023年起，城市NOA快速落地，标志着自动驾驶从"简单高速场景"迈向"复杂城市环境"，但这只是行业 序幕。 按国际汽车工程师学会（SAE）标准，自动驾驶分L0至L5六级。目前量产车型多处于L2向L3过渡阶 段，真正的"无人驾驶"（L4/L5）仍局限于特定场景——如Waymo在旧金山的全无人出租车、封闭园区 的自动驾驶物流车。 即便头部企业有局部突破，L4级大规模落地仍面临技术可靠性、法规适配性与成本控制三重考验，而 行业在技术路线选择上已形成两大阵营： 1.纯视觉派：特斯拉的"数据驱动"之 ...

Core Viewpoint - The next decade will see autonomous driving as a core force reshaping human mobility, with significant competition for a trillion-dollar market among tech giants, traditional automakers, and capital market players [2] Group 1: Technological Evolution - The transition from "assisted driving" to "fully autonomous driving" is a critical turning point, with the race to achieve large-scale commercial deployment of Level 4 (L4) autonomous driving [2][4] - Current mass-produced vehicles are mostly transitioning from Level 2 (L2) to Level 3 (L3), while true "driverless" capabilities (L4/L5) are still limited to specific scenarios [5] - Two main technological paths have emerged: the "pure vision" approach led by Tesla, which relies on cameras and AI algorithms, and the "multi-sensor fusion" approach adopted by companies like Waymo and Huawei, which emphasizes safety through redundancy [6][7] Group 2: Market Opportunities - The autonomous driving ecosystem can be broken down into four layers, each presenting key investment opportunities: 1. Perception Layer: Comprising sensors like cameras and LiDAR, with companies like Hesai and Suoteng Ju Chuang achieving near-international performance levels [7] 2. Decision Layer: Involves chips and algorithms for planning, with NVIDIA's DRIVE Orin being a preferred choice for L4 solutions [8] 3. Execution Layer: Focuses on components that translate decisions into actions, with companies like Bosch and Continental leading in mass production of drive-by-wire systems [10] 4. Support Layer: Encompasses infrastructure like 5G and cloud computing, crucial for real-time vehicle connectivity and data processing [11] Group 3: Investment Landscape - The autonomous driving industry is on the brink of a breakthrough, with significant advancements in AI models enhancing decision-making capabilities [15] - Investment opportunities can be categorized into four segments: 1. Vehicle and solution providers (e.g., Tesla, Waymo) with high potential returns but also high risks [16] 2. Key technology suppliers (e.g., NVIDIA, Horizon Robotics) with more stable business models [16] 3. Infrastructure and service providers (e.g., Baidu Maps, Tencent) with clearer profit models [16] 4. Application and operation service providers focusing on specific commercial scenarios [16] Group 4: Future Outlook - The commercialization of autonomous driving is expected to accelerate, with 2025 potentially being a pivotal year [18] - The industry faces challenges not only in technology but also in societal acceptance, legal frameworks, and business models [18]