Core Viewpoint - The global initiative to eliminate industrial trans fats, which are linked to approximately 280,000 cardiovascular disease deaths annually, is ongoing, with significant progress but still a long way to go [3][4]. Group 1: Global Efforts and Statistics - The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the "REPLACE" action in 2018, aiming to eliminate industrial trans fats by 2023, with 46% of the global population currently covered by related bans and protective measures [3][4]. - As of 2023, 9 countries have received WHO certification for eliminating industrial trans fats, including Austria, Norway, and Denmark [6][7]. - The average dietary intake of trans fats in China is 0.39g/day, which is below the WHO recommended limit of 2.2g for a 2000-calorie diet [7][8]. Group 2: China's Measures and Standards - China began addressing trans fats in 2010, leading to the implementation of food safety standards that require labeling of trans fat content in products containing hydrogenated oils [4][5]. - In 2023, the National Health Commission of China issued several food safety standards to reduce the use of trans fats in infant formula [5][6]. - Although China's current measures do not meet WHO's "best practice" policies, they are recognized as "other supplementary measures" by the WHO [6][7]. Group 3: Industry Perspectives and Challenges - There are differing opinions within the industry regarding the pursuit of WHO certification, with some experts suggesting that China is close to meeting the necessary standards [9][10]. - The production of partially hydrogenated oils is still permitted in China, which complicates the elimination efforts [9][10]. - The final steps towards eliminating trans fats in China remain uncertain, with considerations for monitoring, regulatory frameworks, and the economic impact on smaller producers [10][11].

Core Viewpoint - Trans fats have a direct toxic effect on the brain, particularly affecting the hippocampus, which is responsible for learning and memory [1] Group 1 - Trans fats can accumulate in the nerve cells of the hippocampus, damaging the antioxidant system of these cells [1] - Oxidative damage to nerve cells can lead to cell apoptosis, resulting in structural changes in the hippocampus [1] - Abnormalities in the hippocampus will inevitably impact learning and memory capabilities, contributing to brain aging [1]