Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical role of glaciers as indicators of climate change and their impact on global environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of satellite remote sensing in monitoring glacier changes and enhancing human adaptation to climate change [1][2]. Group 1: Glacier Monitoring and Remote Sensing - Satellite remote sensing has become the primary method for comprehensive monitoring of glacier changes, allowing for timely understanding of glacier trends and disaster prevention [5][6]. - The monitoring techniques include multi-spectral, synthetic aperture radar, and laser radar sensors, which provide a detailed record of glacier area, movement, thickness changes, and balance lines [6][8]. - Optical remote sensing can identify glacier outlines, while synthetic aperture radar is sensitive to surface roughness and moisture content, enabling detailed analysis of glacier structure and seasonal variations [8][11]. Group 2: Climate Change and Glacier Impact - Climate change significantly affects glacier dynamics, with implications for surrounding arid and semi-arid regions, human livelihoods, and sea level changes [2][9]. - The melting of glaciers and ice caps contributes to rising sea levels, posing threats to small island nations and coastal cities [9][10]. - The United Nations has designated 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Protection to address the ecological crises caused by accelerated glacier melting and to raise public awareness about glacier conservation [2][10]. Group 3: Sustainable Development and Future Pathways - Monitoring glaciers is essential not only for current environmental protection but also for ensuring sustainable development in the future [10]. - The integration of technology in glacier observation supports climate action goals and sustainable development objectives, aiming to safeguard the environment for future generations [10].