人民日报记者 葛孟超 数据显示，今年上半年企业外汇套期保值比率达到30%左右，创下历史新高。什么是套期保值？外 贸企业应该如何应对汇率风险？ 举例来说，假设一家中国公司计划在3个月后向一家德国企业支付100万美元的货款，如果这家中国 公司担心人民币对美元的汇率在此期间可能贬值，现在就需要通过外汇套期保值工具锁定未来的汇率。 如果当前远期汇率为7元人民币兑换1美元，公司通过套期保值工具锁定这一汇率后，不论3个月后 的实际汇率如何变化，公司都能按7∶1的汇率进行结算，即通过锁定汇率的方式，公司需要付出的人民 币总金额现在已经确定，为700万元人民币。 在开放经济和汇率市场化的环境下，企业要坚持以"保值"而非"增值"为核心的汇率风险中性原则， 增强汇率避险意识和风险防范能力，根据自身外汇敞口情况，合理运用外汇衍生品等工具进行套期保值 并正确评估其效果。 银行要增强企业汇率风险管理服务，加强对外贸企业的汇率风险中性理念宣传，帮助企业纠正汇率 投机心态；丰富金融产品，为外贸企业提供定制化的汇率避险服务；加大对中小微企业、外贸新业态等 企业的汇率避险支持力度。 外汇套期保值是指利用衍生品（如远期、掉期或期权等）来锁定未来 ...

Core Insights - The foreign exchange hedging ratio for enterprises reached approximately 30% in the first half of this year, marking a historical high [1] Group 1: Definition and Importance of Hedging - Foreign exchange hedging refers to the use of derivatives (such as forwards, swaps, or options) to lock in future exchange rates, aimed at mitigating the impact of market fluctuations [1] - Hedging is a common risk management strategy for foreign trade enterprises facing exchange rate risks [1] Group 2: Practical Example of Hedging - A Chinese company planning to pay $1 million to a German enterprise in three months can hedge against potential depreciation of the RMB by locking in a forward exchange rate of 7 RMB to 1 USD [1] - By securing this rate, the company ensures that it will pay a total of 7 million RMB regardless of future exchange rate fluctuations [1] Group 3: Recommendations for Enterprises and Banks - Enterprises should adhere to a "preservation" rather than "appreciation" principle in managing exchange rate risks, enhancing awareness and risk prevention capabilities [2] - Banks are encouraged to strengthen services for managing exchange rate risks, promote a neutral risk management philosophy among foreign trade enterprises, and provide customized hedging services [2]