人民日报记者 葛孟超 数据显示，今年上半年企业外汇套期保值比率达到30%左右，创下历史新高。什么是套期保值？外 贸企业应该如何应对汇率风险？ 举例来说，假设一家中国公司计划在3个月后向一家德国企业支付100万美元的货款，如果这家中国 公司担心人民币对美元的汇率在此期间可能贬值，现在就需要通过外汇套期保值工具锁定未来的汇率。 如果当前远期汇率为7元人民币兑换1美元，公司通过套期保值工具锁定这一汇率后，不论3个月后 的实际汇率如何变化，公司都能按7∶1的汇率进行结算，即通过锁定汇率的方式，公司需要付出的人民 币总金额现在已经确定，为700万元人民币。 在开放经济和汇率市场化的环境下，企业要坚持以"保值"而非"增值"为核心的汇率风险中性原则， 增强汇率避险意识和风险防范能力，根据自身外汇敞口情况，合理运用外汇衍生品等工具进行套期保值 并正确评估其效果。 银行要增强企业汇率风险管理服务，加强对外贸企业的汇率风险中性理念宣传，帮助企业纠正汇率 投机心态；丰富金融产品，为外贸企业提供定制化的汇率避险服务；加大对中小微企业、外贸新业态等 企业的汇率避险支持力度。 外汇套期保值是指利用衍生品（如远期、掉期或期权等）来锁定未来 ...

Core Insights - The foreign exchange hedging ratio for enterprises reached approximately 30% in the first half of this year, marking a historical high [1] Group 1: Definition and Importance of Hedging - Foreign exchange hedging refers to the use of derivatives (such as forwards, swaps, or options) to lock in future exchange rates, aimed at mitigating the impact of market fluctuations [1] - Hedging is a common risk management strategy for foreign trade enterprises facing exchange rate risks [1] Group 2: Practical Example of Hedging - A Chinese company planning to pay $1 million to a German enterprise in three months can hedge against potential depreciation of the RMB by locking in a forward exchange rate of 7 RMB to 1 USD [1] - By securing this rate, the company ensures that it will pay a total of 7 million RMB regardless of future exchange rate fluctuations [1] Group 3: Recommendations for Enterprises and Banks - Enterprises should adhere to a "preservation" rather than "appreciation" principle in managing exchange rate risks, enhancing awareness and risk prevention capabilities [2] - Banks are encouraged to strengthen services for managing exchange rate risks, promote a neutral risk management philosophy among foreign trade enterprises, and provide customized hedging services [2]

Group 1 - The Agricultural Bank of China Zhongshan Branch held a foreign exchange seminar aimed at enhancing cross-border financial services for over 100 foreign trade enterprises in Zhongshan, Guangdong [1] - The seminar featured experts from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and the Agricultural Bank, who discussed foreign exchange policies, trade facilitation measures, and exchange rate risk management [1] - The State Administration of Foreign Exchange emphasized the importance of establishing a "substantive compliance" concept for enterprises to optimize internal processes and fully leverage policy benefits [1] Group 2 - The Agricultural Bank of China Macau Branch highlighted the investment opportunities and financial service advantages in the Macau Special Administrative Region, responding to the increasing overseas expansion needs of Zhongshan enterprises [2] - The Zhongshan Branch has provided over $3.7 billion in cross-border settlement services this year, with a year-on-year increase of 225.81% in foreign exchange hedging scale and an 18.74% increase in hedging ratio [2] - The branch aims to continue innovating financial products and services to support Zhongshan's open economy and stabilize foreign trade and investment [2]