Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements and applications of agricultural robots in various tasks such as crop phenotyping, field inspection, soil condition monitoring, weed removal, land leveling, and selective harvesting, highlighting the key technologies involved in these processes. Group 1: Information Acquisition Robots - Agricultural information acquisition robots are designed to collect data on crop development, growth status, pests, and soil properties, aiding in variety selection and field management decisions. The main technical challenges include developing cost-effective sensors and stable walking designs for field inspection platforms [2][3]. - Companies like Phenospex, LemnaTec, and RoboPec have developed automated phenotyping robots that can measure plant height, leaf area, and other parameters with high precision, achieving high-throughput analysis of 10,000 square meters daily [2]. - The TerraSentia robot from the University of Illinois uses machine vision algorithms for autonomous navigation and data collection in corn fields, monitoring plant vitality and estimating crop yields [3]. Group 2: Field Cultivation Robots - Field cultivation robots utilize autonomous navigation and precision control technologies to ensure consistent land preparation, precise sowing, and intelligent transplanting, which enhances crop yield and quality while reducing costs [7]. - The autonomous leveling robot developed by Lianzhinavigation uses high-precision satellite measurements to adjust the leveling blade height in real-time, ensuring accurate leveling [7]. - John Deere has created a laser-guided leveling machine that enhances operational efficiency through collaborative work among multiple machines [7]. Group 3: Field Management Robots - Field management robots perform tasks such as weeding, spraying, and fertilizing, focusing on precise application to improve the efficiency of pesticide and fertilizer use while reducing production costs [9]. - The AgBot II robot from Queensland University of Technology autonomously navigates fields for fertilization and weeding, achieving over 90% success in weed detection and classification [10]. - John Deere and BlueRiver have developed intelligent weeding robots that utilize advanced imaging technology for targeted herbicide application, significantly reducing pesticide usage [12]. Group 4: Harvesting Robots - Harvesting robots are designed to identify and selectively harvest crops using machine vision, addressing the challenges of automating the harvesting of crops that cannot be easily harvested on a large scale [21]. - The autonomous cabbage harvesting robot integrates navigation and vision technologies to align with crops for efficient harvesting, while CROO Robotics has developed a strawberry harvesting robot that utilizes flexible mechanisms for quick and accurate harvesting [21][23]. - Companies like Cerescon and AvL Motion have created selective harvesting robots for white asparagus, achieving high harvesting efficiency through advanced detection and execution technologies [23].